VIII . Поясніть вживання означеного артикля або відсутність артикля перед географічними назвами в тексті “ Gutsul Folk Art ”.
IX . П рочитайте вголос слова та словосполучення та дайте українські еквіваленти :
(a) to embrace, to stand out, to set up, wood-carving, metal-chasing, member, sample, craftsman;
(b) mountain area, picturesque landscape, artistic-production workshop, Art Fund, souvenir-making workshop, to perfect one’s knowledge, household article.
X . Дайте англійські еквіваленти .:
Район, народне мистецтво, кераміка, вишивка, килимарство, гончар, спілка художників, художній салон, передаватися нащадкам, демонструватися.
ХІ. Згрупуйте попарно слова, подібні за означенням :
region, article, prominent, varied, ceramist, district, landscape, metropolis, carpet, production, famous, manufacture, scenery, rug, to exhibit, different, capital, potter, item, to display.
ХІІ. Закінчіть речення, використовуючи подані нижче слова та словосполучення :
Wood-carving, patterns, household items, district, folk art, colourfulness.
1. Cottage industries are developed by the inhabitants of the Gutsul districts: wood-carving, the manufacture of various decorative and … …from. copper and leather, carpet and rug making, weaving. pottery etc. 2. Kosiv is the centre of Ukrainian Gutsul … …and one of the largest centres of decorative art industry in the Ukraine. 3. The most widely spread branch of folk art in the Gutsul districts is … … .
4.The town of Kosiv, the settlement of Kuty and the village of Pistin in the Kosiv… , the towns of Snyatin and Kolomiya are a all well-known centres of Gutsul ceramics. 5. The national costume of the highlands is distinguished by its … , its embroideries and ornamentations. 6. The “pysanka” is an egg painted all over with brightly coloured … and pictures.
Xlll . Прочитайте та перекладіть текст; поставте питання до підкреслених слів. Дайте відповідь на питання: Why did folk craftsmen resort to exaggeration in decorating ceramic items? GUTSUL CERAMICS
The urban potters of Kosiv employed an entirely different . approach in decorating their ceramic wares as compared with the wares made in some other areas. They would outline the design through the wet slip, fire the vessel in a kiln, and, later, colour the incised design. Matvyi Kovalsky and Petro Gavrishchiv were the first known potters from this area. They worked in the early nineteenth century, and fortunately some of their bowls and tiles have survived. Abandoning the traditional system of ornamentation based on simple geometric pat-terns, they began depicting genre scenes and historic events with amazing ingenuity and freedom. It was in Gavrishchiv”s work that the comic image of the Austrian soldier appeared for the first time in Gutsulceramics. The conqueror was shown smoking a pipe, riding in a carriage, or drinking a huge glass of horilka, but never in combat. Occasionally he was depicted engaged in more important endeavours such as riding horseback his haughty, idle look dispelling any notion that he was in the midst of bullets and shells, but more likely on a parade or hunting ground, or perhaps just flaunting himself in front of the ladies. The heyday of Gutsul ceramics was in the second half of the nineteenth century when such craftsmen as Petro Baranyuk and Oleksa Bakhmatyuk from Kosiv, and Dmytro Zantyuk from Pistin, were its chief representatives, Baranyuk and Bakhmatyuk continued the narrative line. Their tilework scenes and scenes of galanterie, which sometimes formed a series.
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When there was not enough space for the composition on one tile, the hunt or battle scene would be spread into a second or third tile. Tiles of this kind were arranged in rows as stove and fireplace facing. Most of their tilework compositions have an organic link with Gutsul folklore. Like the anonymous authors of peasant ballads and tales rich in hyperbole, folk craftsmen often resorted to exaggeration to stress their attitudes on the subject portrayed and to achieve a vividness , peculiar to folk art. In addition to subject compositions that appeared as late as the nineteenth century, Gutsul pottery retained elements of the geometric style and traditional motif of the Tree of Life - a gorgeous flower stretching toward the rim of the bowl flanked on both sides by figures of oxen, deer, and birds.
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An inclination for representing animals has proved enduring in these parts. They occupy a place of prominence in the work of the famous folk artist Pavlina Tsvilik from Kosiv and in modern painted decorations on bowls, jugs, and tankards made by other artists in the same area.
Слова та вирази для запам” ятовування :
urban - міський ; potter - гончар; to approach – наближатися ; to outline – накреслити контур; зробити начерк; wet – мокрий, вологий; kiln - піч; incised – вигравіруваний, вирізьблений; tile – кахля; to abandon – відмовлятися від, залишати; genre scene – жанрова сцена; amazing –разючий, вражаючий, дивний; ingenuity – винахідливість, майстерність; engaged - занятий; endeavour – намагання, зусилля; haughty – пихатий, гордовитий; idle – лінивий; to dispel – розганяти, розвіювати; to flaunt – виставляти (себе) напоказ, хизуватися;
narrative - pозповідний; clove – піч,груба, пічка; fireplace - камін ; to resort – вдаватися до; exaggeration - перебільшення; vivіdness – яскравість, жвавість; peculiar to – властивий виключно (комусь); gorgeous – пишний, розкішний, яскраво забарвлений; rim – обід, ободок, край; to flank – бути розташованим збоку; іnclination – схильність, прихильність (до); to endure – терпіти, зносити, тривати; a place of prominence – видатне місце; tankаrd – високий кухоль для пива.
XIV . Прочитайте текст "Gutsul Ceramics " ще раз і складіть план його переказу.
XV . Розкрийте кожний пункт вашого плану 2-3 реченнями з тексту або реченнями, складеними самостійно.
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XV І. Визначіть, які з тверджень ( statements ), наведених нижче, є правильними (true ), a які неправильними (false ):
1. The urban potters of Kosiv employed the same approach as the potters from other areas.
2. The potters of Kosiv coloured the incised design on their wares.
3. The traditional system of ornamentation was based on simple geometric patterns,
4. It was in M. Kowalsky’s work that the comic image of the Austrian soldier appeared for the first time in Gutsul ceramics.
5. Most of the tilework compositions of B. Baranyuk and. 0. Bakhmatyuk are in contrast with Gutsul folklore.
6. Animals are depicted on the works of the folk artist Pavlina Tsvilik from Kosiv.
7. The timeof the greatest prosperity of Gutsul ceramics was in the second half of the nineteenth century.
3. Дайте відповіді на питання :
1. What districts does the Gutsul ethnographic group inhabit? 2 . What arts is the Gutsul land famous for? 3. What is the capital of Gutsul folk art? 4. What items are made by Gutsul folk craftsmen? 5. Where do Gutsul folk craftsmen work and create their pieces of art? 6. Where does a child get his first lessons in art? 7. Were are the items made by Gutsul artists displayed?
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