I. Embroidery is the ornamentation of textiles with engraving.
2. Linen, velvet, leather, muslin and silk have been used as ground for embroidery.
3.Artificial materials are also used as the ground for embroidery.
4. Needles used by an embroider are always of the same thickness and length.
5. Different textures and thicknesses of thread are used for embroidery.
6. In different ages needles were always steel.
7. The design is transfered to the material after working an embroidery.
XV . Перекажіть зміст тексту “Ukrainian Embroidery ” рідною мовою.
XV І. Підготуйтеся до бесіди про прикрашення одягу різними видами вишивки. Використайте слова та словосполучення уроку 4.
XV ІІ. Завдання: You want to embroider a shirt and consult an experienced embroideress.
LESSON 5
NATIONAL EMBROIDERY
I . Прочитайте слова та запам'ятайте ix вимову:
occupy , favourite desire, rhythm, colour, predecessor, technique, designer,
gamut, geometrical, bunch, guelder , reminiscent, precious, mosaics , widespread, unique, source , typify .
I І. Запам'ятайте слова та словосполучення:
to occupy a leading place - займати провідне мicцe; desire - бажання; . harmony of colours - гармонія кольорів; artisan -. ремісник, майстровий; to polish - шліфувати; predecessor -попередник; предок; to be distinguished by - відзначатися;
gamut оf colours - гама кольорів; festive - святковий; веселий; guelder rose - калина; bunch of grapes – гроно винограду;
starker - сильніший; reminiscent of - що нагадує; wrong side -
виворітна сторона; open-work - прорізна або ажурна гладь, строчка, мережка; to sew (sewed, sewed або sawn) - шити; ability здібність, здатність; to seek (sought, sought) - шукати; а constant source of admiration - постiйне джерело эахоплення;
garment - верхній одяг; to refine - удосконалювати.
I ІІ. Виділіть у словах відомі вам суфікси та поясніть, до яких частин мови відносяться слова:
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leading, decorative, favorite, beautiful, feeling, composition, combination, historical, development, carefully, traditional, colourful, monumental, typify.
IV . Утворіть ступені порівняння прислівників:
carefully, widely, well, delicatelly, much, thickly, widespread, late.
Граматичний коментар:
Ступе ні порівняння прислівників
| Прислівник : звичайний : вищий : найвищий |
| Односкладові : quick quicker quickest та early : early earlier earliest |
| Прислівники : briefly more briefly most briefly з суфіксом : chilly more chilly most chilly -ly : deeply more deeply most deeply |
| : badly worse worst Винятки well better best : far farther farthest (further) ( furthest ) : little less least :much more most |
V. Назві ть і нфі ні тиви ді єслі вних форм:
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occupies, been, arose, were, polished, is, has, wrote, had, sewn.
VI . Прочитайте та перекладіть текст (усно або письмово)
NATIONAL EMBROIDERY
Embroidery occupies a leading place in Ukrainian decorative art. Since olden times it has been a favourite form of folk art. It reflects peoples desire for all that is beautiful, a feeling for rhythm and harmony of colours.
Distinctive decorative patterns, compositions and colour combinations, which arose along with the historical and cultural development of regions in the Ukraine - the Poltava and Kyiv Regions and other, the Bukovina and Gutsul areas - were carefully handed over from one generation to the next. The artisans polished the art of their predecessors, developed and perfected their work methods and techniques.
There is now a wide network of workshops in the Ukraine where the best traditions of this splendid folk art are being creatively developed by traditional craftsmen and designers working together. For instance, in the Poltava Region, there are workshops in Reshetylivka and Poltava, with branches in Opishnya, Novi Sanzhary, Veliky Sorochintsy, and Lubny.
Poltava embroidery occupies a special place among the colourful Ukrainian embroidery. It is distinguished by its gamut of pastel colours, its delicate and festive design. Blues, whites, yellows and greys are the most favourite colours. The Poltava Region is particularly famous for its “white on white” embroidery. Old embroidery techniques, motifs and ornaments are studied and creatively introduced into modern desigins of fabrics and articles for interior décor.
The works of the craftsmen and artists of the Kyiv Region are extremely famous: typical of their works are flowers and geometrical patterns, such as bunches of grapes, the guelder rose, branches bearing flowers or berries. Chernigiv embroidery has a starker colour scheme, the main colours in the embroidery being white, red and black.
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Way back in 1892, the Ukrainian writer Mikhailo Kotsubinsky wrote sorrowfully of the trying conditions in which the talented embroideresses of the village of Klembivka in the Podol area had to work and live. Nowadays, many young craft smen create splendid works of art which are reminiscent of precious mosaics. The classical technique of the Podol area is the "niz", whose pattern has thick, full lines. It demands great skill and is embroidered on the wrong; side. Open-work is also widespread here,
The masters of the Western regions of the Ukraine are inspired by the majestic beauty of the Carpathians. The skilled Gutsul embroideresses sew monumental geometrical patterns in contrasting colours. Their ability to seek and find new artistic forms and create unique-patterns is a constant source of admiration
Bright and colourful embroidery on outer garments typify the work of the Kosiv craftsmen.
Lviv designers have refined the traditional Ukrainian dress
VII. Визначіть функції дієслова "tо have» у реченнях; перекладiтъ речення:
1. The Lviv Picture Gallery, founded in 1907, has close to 10,000 exhibits to its name, including Titian, Goya, Rubens, and many other outstanding masters of the brush. 2. Examples of Ukrainian classical and modern art have been added to the museum”s collection during recent years. 3. Folk art has acquired a more or less decorative meaning. 4. Ceramic wares of original shape аlsо have a light-coloured background with ornaments similar to those on the tiles. 5. It has to be noted that modern wood-carvers from the Transcarpathian and Lviv regions tend in their statuary work to approach professional в sculpture. 6. High development has been attained in Galicia by the folk art of the Lviv region.
Граматичний коментар:
Дієслово "to have" - багатофункціональне:
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1. to have + іменник - смислове дієслово "мати". Наприклад:
The museum has a valuable collection of folk costumes.
Музей має цінну колекцію народного одягу.
2.to have + дієприкметник минулого часу - допoміжне дієслово для утворення часів групи Perfect. Наприклад:
Some of the best examples of folk architecture have been moved to the Museum of Folk
Architecture and Daily Life.
| Декілька найкращих зразків народної архітектури було перевезено в музей народної архітектури та побуту.
3.to have + дієслово у формі інфінітива - модальне дієслово, яке означає повинність. Наприклад:
The museum”s funds are intended not only for scientific purposes but also have to serve аs a source of inspiration for artists.
Музейні фонди призначені не тільки для наукових цілей, але також повинні служити джерелом натхнення для художників.
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