VI . Перекладiть речения, звертаючи увагу на функії слова
"that":
1. The exposition of the Museum consists of two sections:
the section of folk art till the 20th century and that of folk art of the 20th century. 2. It happens even more frequently that the creations of folk artists stimulate professional artists. 3. It was only in 1945 after, the reunion of Transcarpathia with Ukraine, that all the Gutful’s were united with their primordial motherland - the Ukraine. 4. That castle now houses a Museum of Regional Studies and an Art Gallery. 5. Our guide said that of special interest was the Gutsul hut with its yard and outbuildings that had been brought to the Museum from the Rakhov district. 6. It were homes, cloths, domestic implements and all the artifacts made by Carpathian craftsmen that recreate for us the people's way of life in olden times.
Граматичний коментар:
слово "that" може бути:
1. Вказівним займенником у значенні "той". Наприклад:
That album includes 400 black-and-white and coloured plates of folk
objects of art.
Той альбом містить 400 чорно-білих і кольорових фотографій народних витворів мистецтва.
2. Сполучником у значенні "що", "який". Наприклад:
collection exhibits the articles that were brought from famous Ukrainian, Russian and European centres of porcelain manufacture.
Колекція експонує предмети, які були привезені з знаменитих українських, російських і європейсъких центрів виробництва фарфору.
3. Займенником, який стоїть замість раніше вживаного іменника. В цьому випадку за ним стоїтъ прийменник of. Наприклад:
There are two interesting collections in the museum: a collection of embroideries and that of pysanky.
В музеї є дві цікаві колекції: колекція вишивок і колекція писанок.
4. Логічним виділенням у реченнях типу “It was in Lviv that the guta glass began its revival” –Відродження гутного скла почалося саме у Львові.
VII. Знайдіть у тексті "Weaving" речення зі словом that
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І визначіть його функції.
VIII . Прочитайте вголос i дайте укрїнські еквіваленти слів i словосполучень:
(a) to depend on, to embellish, to arrange, to achieve, to condition, colouring. pattern, dwelling ,curtain. table-cloth, diversified, vari-coloured, contemporary, by means of;
(b) creative endeavour, flax yarn. inimitable national character, clothing fabric, household fabric, vegetable dye, to depend on the purpose, rich ornamentation, woven towel, solemn occasion, to play an important role in, public building, thorough knowledge, warm tint, colour scheme.
IX . Дайте англ і йські еквіваленти:
важлива роль, художні традиції, спосіб вишивання, орнаментальний узор, вовняна пряжа, фарбувати, жіночий одяг, метод "перебору", смугаста спідниця, фартух, національні традиції, декоративні тканини, налавник, покривало, переважати, фон.
X . Згрупуйте попарно слова, подібні за значенням:
Diversified, fabric, purpose, to embellish, vari-coloured, tint. various, aim, multi-coloured, staff, to decorate to produce, bright, vivid, colour, to manufacture.
Xl . Закінчіть речення, використовуючи слова та словосполучення:
civic and public building, national culture, weavers, historical monument, folk art, collections.
1. The numerous exhibits of the museum tell about the development of the Ukrainian people's … … .2. The museum possesses one of the largest … of watches by German, French, Austrian, Swiss, Czech, Polish, Russian and Ukrainian watchmakers of the 16th--20th centuries. 3. Visitors always show deep interest in the … … displayed in the various halls of the museum – different types of fabrics, embroidery, ornaments, clothing, ceramics, carvings on wood, metal and horn, etc.
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4. Uzhgorod Castle, a valuable ... … of Transcarpathia, was founded in the 11th century. 5. The Museum of Folk Architecture and Daily Life is a collection of the most interesting … … dating from the end of the 17th to the beginning of the 19th centuries. 6. In the interiors you can see objects made by local craftsmen –woodcarvers, … , embroiderers, carpet-makers.
XII . Прочитайте та перекладіть текст; поставте питания до підкреслених слів. Дайте відповідь на питання: When did weaving first begin to be practiced ?
WEAVING
Textile fabrics are the products of weaving, a process by which a set of threads (the warp) stretched in a frame, or loom is bound together to form a coherent fabric by means of other threads (the welf) introduced at right angles to the warp threads and passing in a determinate order over and under them. Such products as wool, cotton, linen and silk are used for weaving. We do not know when spinning and weaving first began to be practiced. But they were certainly in use in Egypt and the Near East in the 9th millenium B.C. and there is evidence of silk weaving in China in the 2nd millenium.
When telling the story of the evolution of the textile art we must study three strands which are inseparably interwined. They are: (a) technology, or the art of discovering apparatus and processes; (b) man's desire to satisfy his need for physical comfort; and (c) his artistic craving for beauty of form and colour.
The history of textile technology starts in the late Paleo-lithic age stretches right down to the present time with the introduction of new fibres and new techniques. In partner-ship with chemistry and physics textile technology has given us during the last 100 years the synthetic fibres, new dyes and machinery of great complexity.
The other two strands must be studied together because they involve the dual nature of man, a materialist and a sensitive creature with an awareness of beauty. Textiles are intimately connected with both sides of human nature. Protection of his body against cold may have been the first motive which drove man to inventcloth. But all the evidence goes to show that no sooner had man discovered how to make things that he felt a desire to decorate them.
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Слова та словосполучення дл я запам"ятовування:
fabric - тканина; матеріал; виріб; weaving - ткацтво; set of threads - система ниток; warp - основа (тканини); to stretch - натягувати(ся); frane - рама; loom - ткацький верстат; coherent – послідовний; weft – утік, піткання; linen – льон, wool - вовна; silk - шовк; spinning – прядіння; evidence - очевидність, доказ;
мillenium - тисячоліття; intеrwined – взаємозв”язаний; to satisfy - задовiльняти; вiдповiдати (вимогам); craving – палке бажання, fibre – волокно; dye -фарба;complexity – складність;to involve - втягати; включати; dual nature - двоїста природа; awareness – обізнаність;cloth - тканина.
XIII . П рочитайте текст "weaving " ще раз і складіть план його переказу.
XIV . Розкрийте кожний пункт вашого плану 2-3 реченнями з тексту або реченнями, складеними самостійно.
XV . Визначі ть, які з тверджень (statements ), наведених нижче, є правильними (true ), а які неправильними (false ):
1. Textile products are made by means of embroidery.
2. Such products as wool, cotton, linen and silk are used for weaving.
3. There is evidence of silk weaving in China in the 5th millenium B.C.
4. The history of textile technology starts in the late Paleolithic age.
5. Together with mathematics textile technology has given us the synthetic fibres and new dyes.
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6. Desire of a man to decorate things may have been the first motive which drove him to invent cloth.
XVI . Дайте відповіді на питання :
1.Why has weaving played an important role in the life of theUkrainian people?
2.When were the art traditions of Ukrainian weaving formed?
3. How were fabrics previously divided?
4.What yarn was used for weaving of fabrics?
5. How were skirts (plakhtas) embellished?
6.By means of what technique were towels woven?
7. What items are produced by the Factory "The 8th of March" and by the Factory in Boguslav?
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