B) copying the letters of the SL by the TL letters of another system
c) translation by parts
d) the replacement of a lexical unit of a broader meaning with a lexical unit of a narrower meaning
68. Calque is …
a) mechanical copying the sound form (vowel phonemes or consonant phonemes) of the SL word by means of the TL letters
b) copying the letters of the SL by the TL letters of another system
C) translation by parts
d) the replacement of a lexical unit of a broader meaning with a lexical unit of a narrower meaning
69. Concretization is …
a) the replacement of a lexical unit of a narrower meaning with a lexical unit of a broader meaning
b) the creation of an equivalent by replacing a unit in SL with a TL unit the meaning of which can be logically deduced from it and which is just another way of referring to the same object or an aspect of the same situation
c) a deliberate introduction of some additional element in the target text to make up for the loss of a similar element in the source text
D) the replacement of a lexical unit of a broader meaning with a lexical unit of a narrower meaning
70. Modulation is …
a) the replacement of a lexical unit of a narrower meaning with a lexical unit of a broader meaning
B) the creation of an equivalent by replacing a unit in SL with a TL unit the meaning of which can be logically deduced from it and which is just another way of referring to the same object or an aspect of the same situation
c) a deliberate introduction of some additional element in the target text to make up for the loss of a similar element in the source text
d) the replacement of a lexical unit of a broader meaning with a lexical unit of a narrower meaning
71. Compensation is …
a) the replacement of a lexical unit of a narrower meaning with a lexical unit of a broader meaning
b) the creation of an equivalent by replacing a unit in SL with a TL unit the meaning of which can be logically deduced from it and which is just another way of referring to the same object or an aspect of the same situation
C) a deliberate introduction of some additional element in the target text to make up for the loss of a similar element in the source text
d) the replacement of a lexical unit of a broader meaning with a lexical unit of a narrower meaning
72. Sentence partitioning is …
A) either replacing in translation of a source sentence by two or more target ones or converting a simple source sentence into a compound or complex target one
b) the opposite of partitioning, it implies combining two or (seldom) more source sentences into one target sentence
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c) the type of translation transformations which consists in changing the word-order or the order of succession of linguistic signs: words, phrases, clauses and sentences in the TL text as compared with the SL
d) a deliberate change of the grammar category by some other grammar means
73. Sentence integrationis …
a) either replacing in translation of a source sentence by two or more target ones or converting a simple source sentence into a compound or complex target one
B) the opposite of partitioning, it implies combining two or (seldom) more source sentences into one target sentence
c) the type of translation transformations which consists in changing the word-order or the order of succession of linguistic signs: words, phrases, clauses and sentences in the TL text as compared with the SL
d) a deliberate change of the grammar category by some other grammar means
74. Transposition is …
a) either replacing in translation of a source sentence by two or more target ones or converting a simple source sentence into a compound or complex target one
b) the opposite of partitioning, it implies combining two or (seldom) more source sentences into one target sentence
C) the type of translation transformations which consists in changing the word-order or the order of succession of linguistic signs: words, phrases, clauses and sentences in the TL text as compared with the SL
d) a deliberate change of the grammar category by some other grammar means
75. Grammar compensationis …
a) either replacing in translation of a source sentence by two or more target ones or converting a simple source sentence into a compound or complex target one
b) the opposite of partitioning, it implies combining two or (seldom) more source sentences into one target sentence
c) the type of translation transformations which consists in changing the word-order or the order of succession of linguistic signs: words, phrases, clauses and sentences in the TL text as compared with the SL
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