Arrange the words into groups according to the parts of speech.
Model:
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
colonization complete separate surprisingly
Pass, Parliament, exception, approve, judicially, describe, recognise, hold,
section, faithful, properly, include, fundamental, federal, regulate, often, executive,
particular, confine, impose, generally, economic, direct, specific, significant,
education, way.
Match the corresponding explanation in column 2 to the words from column
significant - something that you need to do or need to have
particular - related to or connected with crime
criminal - connected with trade, industry, and the management of money
necessary - having an important effect or influence, especially on what will happen in the future
economic - remaining loyal to a person, belief, political party etc and continuing to support them
faithful - things, places, buildings etc are not joined to each other or touching each other
separate - special or important enough to mention separately
Translate the new words and word combinations and learn them before
Reading the text.
The formation of six separate colonies, to come into force, proposals for
change, representatives of the Colonies, to come into effect, the basic rules, any
subject of relevance, duties of customs, defence forces, sufficient revenue,
imposing income tax.
Explain the meaning of the following expressions.
It was drafted, it formed the basis, to become a federation, its terms were
improved, one small exception, acording to law, to be invalid.
Read the text.
Overview of the Constitution of Australia
The colonization of Australia by the British, which began in the late eighteenth
century, was completed in the mid nineteenth century with the formation of
six separate colonies, each with its own constitution and parliament and each with
power to make its own laws. Not surprisingly, the English law formed the basis for
much of the legislation in the colonies. In 1901 Australia became a federation: six
colonies became states and the Commonwealth was devised. On January 1, 1901
Australian Constitution came into force. There had been 42 proposals for change
put to the Australian people. Only 8 of the 42 proposals had received the necessary
mandate. Thus, the constitution itself was drafted and designed by Australians in
Australia and passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
It was drafted at a series of conventions held during the 1890s and attended
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by representatives of the Colonies. Before the Constitution came into effect, its
terms were approved, with one small exception, by the people of New South
Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, and Tasmania.
What has been judicially described as “the sovereignty of the Australian people” is
also recognised by section 128 which provides that only change to the Constitution
must be approved by the people of Australia.
The Constitution is divided into 8 Chapters and a Schedule. The Schedule
details the oath of affirmation of allegiance that every Senator and each member of
the House of Representatives shall make and subscribe before the Governor-
General is taking his seat. (Oath: “I, A.B., do swear that I will be faithful and bear
true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Victoria, Her heirs and successors according
to law. SO HELP ME GOD!”)
The Constitution has properly been described as “the birth certificate of the
nation”. It provides the basic rules for the government of Australia, for the Commonwealth Parliament and the Parliament of each State; any action, including legislative action, is invalid if it is contrary to the Constitution.
Australia’s Fundamental Law establishes a federal system of government. It
is for this reason that the establishment of the Commonwealth is often referred to
as “Federation”. Under a federal system, powers are distributed between a central government and regional governments: between the Commonwealth and the six States. Before Federation, each of the six colonies had its own constitution. Their constitutions regulate, among other things, the Legislature, the Executive Government and the Judiciary of the States. However, the States are bound by the Australian Constitution and the constitutions of the States must be read subject to the Constitution of the Commonwealth.
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