Learn the new words and word combinations before reading the tex.
КРИВОРІЗЬКИЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТ
ДНІПРОПЕТРОВСЬКОГО ДЕРЖАВНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ВНУТРІШНІХ СПРАВ
Кафедра соціально-гуманітарних дисциплін
Дидактичний матеріал
Для проведення практич них занять з дисципліни
„Іноземна мова професійного спрямування / Іноземна мова ”
Тема “Конституційне право”
Для студентів / курсантів І курсу
освітньо-кваліфікаційний рівень бакалавр
напрям підготовки «Правознавство»
Кривий Ріг - 2010
Тем а “ Конституційне проаво ”.
Дидактичний матеріал
Для проведення практичних занять
Дисципліна Іноземна мова професійного спрямування. Іноземна мова.
(повне найменування дисципліни)
Спеціальність Правознавство__
(шифр й найменування)
Форма навчання _ стаціонарна____
(стаціонарна, заочна)
Lesson-1
Екзаменаційні теми,введення нової лексики
The Constitution of the USA
The Constitution of the USA was adopted in 1787 in Philadelphia. The oldest still in force in the world, it sets the basic form of government: three separate branches, each one having powers (“checks and balances”) over the others. It specifies the powers and duties of each federal branch of government, with all powers and duties belonging to the states. The Constitution has been repeatedly amended to meet the changing needs of the nation, but it is still the “supreme law of the land”. All governments or governmental groups, federal, state and local, must operate within its guidelines. The ultimate power under the Constitution belongs to “We the People”, in fact and in spirit.
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The first 10 amendments to the Constitution, called the Bill of Rights assure individual rights and freedoms. Added in 1791, they include provisions for freedom of the religion and of speech; the right of citizens to assembly peacefully; the right to be guarded in one’s own home against unreasonable search and seizure of person or property; and the right of any person charged with breaking the law to have a speedy trial by a jury of fellow citizens.
The Constitution divides the powers of government into three branches; the executive, headed by the President; the legislative, which includes both houses of Parliament (the Senate and the House of Representatives) and the judicial which is headed by the Supreme Court. The Constitution limits the role of each body to prevent any one branch from gaining undue powers.
THE CONSTITUTION OF UKRAINE
The Constitution of Ukraine was adopted on June 28, 1996.
The Constitution establishes the country's political system and is the basis for its laws.
The Constitution asserts that Ukraine is a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, legal state. It is a unitary state with single citizenship.
Ukraine is a republic. The people are the only source of power which is exercised directly and through the bodies of state power and local self-government.
The land, mineral raw materials, air space, water and other natural resources which are on the territory of Ukraine are objects of the property right of Ukrainian people.
The state language in Ukraine is Ukrainian.
The state symbols of Ukraine are the State Flag, the State Emblem and the State Anthem of Ukraine
The capital of Ukraine is Kyiv.
The Constitution assures human and civil rights, freedoms and obligations It states that every person has the right to the free development of his/her personality. Citizens have equal Constitutional rights and freedoms and are equal before the law. Thereareno privileges or restrictions based upon race, color of skin political and other beliefs, gender, ethnic and social origin, property, ownership, position, place of residence, language, religion or other circumstances.
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The Constitution includes provisions for freedom of thought and speech, and the free expression of views and beliefs, of conscience and religion.
The articles of the Constitution guarantee the rights to life, personal inviolability and the inviolability of dwelling, non-interference in private and family life, free choice of residence, work, rest, education, social security, housing, health protection, medical care and medical insurance, legal assistance.
Citizens of Ukraine have the right of association to public parties and public organizations for the execution and protection of their political, cultural and other interests. They may participate in the administration of state affairs, in all-Ukrainian and local referendums, to elect freely and to be elected to bodies of state power and local self-government.
The right of private property is inviolable. Every person has the right to own, use and manage his/her property and results of the intellectual and creative work.
Defense of the Motherland, of the independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine, and respect for the state's symbols are the duty of citizens. Citizens of Ukraine perform military services in compliance with the law. No person may damage the environment, cultural heritage. Every person shall pay taxes and duties in the order and amount determined by law.
The Constitution outlines the structure of the national government and specifies its powers and duties. Under the Constitution the powers of the government are divided into three branches - the legislative which consists of the Verkhovna Rada, the executive, headed by the President, and the judicial, which is led by the Supreme Court.
The Constitution of Ukraine consists of 15 chapters, 161 articles.
The day of its adoption is a state holiday - the Day of the Constitution of Ukraine.
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CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
LESSON 2
I. Vocabulary Work.
1. Determine which parts of speech these words are:
1) constitution, document, statute, practice, monarchy, democracy, responsibility,
thinker.
2) specific, traditional, written, customary, respective, social, absolute.
3) virtually, consistently, particularly, usually.
2. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following international words:
fundamental, collection, oligarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, combine, privilege,
organize, political, modern, standard, compress, form.
Learn the new words and word combinations before reading the tex.
Legitimacy – законність
Doctrine – доктрина
Virtually – фактично
Claim – позов, скарга
Elaborate – розробляти
Monarchy – монархія
Tyranny – тиранія
Aristocracy – аристократія
Oligarchy – олігархія
Democracy – демократія
Universe – всесвіт
Division – підрозділ
Procedure – процедура
Social – соціальний
Electorate – електорат
Branch – галузь
Scheme – схема
Legal – правовий, юридичний
Attempt – поштовх
Necessary- необхідний
4.Read the text and find answers to the questions:
A Constitution – the Standard of Legitimacy
Constitution is the body of doctrines and practices that form the fundamental
organizing principle of a political state. In some states, such as the United States,
the constitution is a specific written document; in others, such as the United Kingdom, it is a collection of documents, statutes and traditional practices that are generally accepted as governing political matters. States that have written constitutions may also have a body of traditional or customary practices that may or may not be considered to be of constitutional standing. Virtually every state claims to have a constitution, but not every government conducts itself in a consistently constitutional manner.
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The idea of a constitution was first elaborated by Aristotle in his classification
of governments as a monarchies, tyrannies, aristocracies, oligarchies, democracies,
and so on. For Aristotle, the best form of government -the best constitutionwas
that which combined elements of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy in
such a way that the citizens of every class were enabled to enjoy their respective
privileges and encouraged to exercise their respective responsibilities in the interes
of the whole. In the Rome of the Stoic philosophers, government was viewed as
organized and conducted under the rule of a universal reason and thus as reflecting
a kind of universal constitution. This universalism was taken over by medieval
Christian thinkers, who held that God's rule over the universe was the type of the
justy constituted earthly state, a monarchy.
The modern idea of a constitution began to emerge after the Reformation,
particularly in the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who developed the notion of the social contract. In the social-contract view, people agree among themselves to give up a portion of the absolute freedom that characterizes the pre-social "state of nature" in return for the security that an acknowledged sovereign government can provide. It was Locke's who particularly,
on the division of rights between those assigned to the government and those retained by individuals and" on the division of powers within the government, that
influenced the late 18th century authors of the American Declaration of independence, the U.S. Constitution, and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
A constitution, to be worthy of the name, must contain provisions for certain
political attributes: stability, both of form and procedure, yet, on the other hand,
adaptability to the social, economic, technological, and other changes that are inevitable in the life of a state; accountability of those in power to some other organ of the state, such as an electorate; representation of the government within the government; openness in the conduct of government; and the division of power among distinct branches of government. Constitutional government is thus limited government, and it is a chief function of a constitution to serve as the standard of legitimacy by which governments can be judged. In its wider sense, the form constitution means the whole scheme whereby a country is governed: and this includes much else besides law. In its narrower sense "constitution" means the leading legal rules, usually collected into some document that comes to be almost venerated as "The Constitution". But no country's constitution can ever be compressed within the compass of one document, and even where attempt has been made, it is necessary to consider extralegal rules, customs, and conventions that grow up агоund the formal document.
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