Complete the following text by translating the words or expressions in brackets.
The (законодавча гілка) – (конгрес) consists of the (Сенат) and the
(Палата Представників). Each(сенатор) is elected for six years and each
(представник) for two years, with no limitation on the number of (термін).
Each of 50 states elects two (сенатор) under a system in which one-third of
the (Сенат) is elected every two years. A (сенатор) must be (старшим)30 years
old and must have been citizen for (не менш ніж ) nine years.
The ( Палата Представників) has 435 members. Each state is divided into
congressional districts of roughly (рівним) population, and the (виборці) of each
district elect one (представник) to( Конгрес). A member must be ( cтаршим) 25
years of age and must have been an American citizen for at least seven years.
Both (палата) of (Конгрес) must (схвалити) bills before they become law.
The (Сенат) alone ( затверджує) the President’s ( кандидати)for high-level positions and (ратифікує) treaties with other nations.
LESSON 4
I. Vocabulary Work.
Group the following words according to the parts of speech.
Model:
Nouns Adjectives Adverbs Verbs
adoption financial relatively discuss
Adopt, organization, progressive, viewpoint, consideration, participation,
continue, ownership, management, executive, community, divide right, duty, virtually,
lawmaker, legislative, recommendation, economic, professionally, development,
judicial, dismiss.
Translate the international words into Ukrainian without dictionary.
Parliament, session, deputy, progressive, consensus, process, academic, percent,
individual, convention, territory, autonomy, national, private, prime minister,
president, cabinet, political, administration, conflict, document, democrat, sphere,
minister.
Learn the new words and word combinations before reading the text.
Assure – гарантувати
authority – повноваження
belief – переконання
branch – гілка
call for election –призначати вибори
commence – відбуватися
conscience – світогляд
contents – зміст
discharge – звільняти
execution – виконання
exercise – здійснювати
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free of charge – безоплатний
insurance – страхування
judicial – судовий
justice – правосуддя
law drafting work – законопроектна робота
take an oath – складати присягу
obligation – обов’язок
perform military services – відбувати військову службу
power – повноваження
promote – сприяти
procurator’s office – прокуратура
remove from office – усунути з посади
restrict – обмежувати
secure – гарантувати
worthy – вартий
Read the text.
The Constitution of Ukraine
Governed by the Act of Ukraine's Independence of August 24,1991, the
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on behalf of the Ukrainian people adopted the Constitution
- the Fundamental Law on June 28, 1996.
The Constitution establishes the country's political system and is the basis
for its laws.
Chapter I of the Constitution asserts that Ukraine is a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, legal state. It is unitarian state with single citizenship.
Ukraine is a republic. The people are the only source of power which is exercised directly and through the bodies of state power and local self-government.
The land, mineral raw materials, air space, water and other natural resources
which are on the territory of Ukraine are objects of the property right of Ukrainian
people.
The state language in Ukraine is Ukrainian.
The state symbols of Ukraine are the State Flag, the State Emblem and the
State Anthem of Ukraine. The State Flag is blue and yellow banner made from two
equal horizontal stripes. The main element of the Great State Emblem of Ukraine
is the Sign of the State of Prince Volodymyr the Great ( the Small State Emblem of
Ukraine). The State Anthem of Ukraine is the national anthem with the music of M
Verbytsky
The capital of Ukraine is Kyiv.
Chapter II assures human and civil rights, freedoms an obligations It states
that every person has the right to the free development of his/her personality as
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long as there are no violations of the rights and freedoms of other individuals, and
has obligations before society where free and full development of the personality it
assured. Citizens have equal Constitutional rights and freedoms and are equal before the law. There are no privileges or restrictions based upon race, color of skin political and other beliefs, gender, ethnic and social origin, property, ownership, position, place of residence, language, religion or other circumstances.
The chapter includes provisions for freedom of thought and speech, and the
free expression of views and beliefs, of conscience and religion. The Church and
religious organization are separated from the state and schools are separated from
the Church.
The articles of this chapter guarantee the rights to life, personal inviolability
and the inviolability of dwelling, non-interference in private and family life, free
choice of residence, work, rest, education, social security, housing, health protection, medical care and medical insurance, legal assistance.
Citizens of Ukraine have the right of association to public parties and public
organizations for the execution and protection of their political, cultural and other
interests. They may participate in the administration of state affairs, in all-Ukrainian and local referendums, to elect freely and to be elected to bodies of state
power and local self-government.
The right of private property is inviolable. Every person has the right to own,
use and manage his/her property and results of the intellectual and creative work.
The state promotes the development of sciences, establishing of scientific relations
of Ukraine with the international community Cultural heritage is protected by law.
Defence of the Motherland, of the independence and territorial integrity of
Ukraine, and respect for the state's symbols are the duty of citizens. Citizens of
Ukraine perform military services in compliance with the law. No person may
damage the environment, cultural heritage. Every person shall pay taxes and duties
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in the order and amount determined by law.
Chapter III defines the principles of elections. Citizens who have reached 18
years of age have the right to vote. Voters are guaranteed free expression of their
vote. Elections to the bodies of state power and bodies of local self-government are
free, and are held on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.
The Constitution outlines the structure of the national government and specifies its powers and duties. Under the Constitution the powers of the government are divided into three branches - the legislative which consists of the Verkhovna Rada, the executive, headed by the President, and the judicial, which is led by the Supreme Court.
Chapter IV deals with the activities of the Verkhovna Rada. The parliament - the Verkhovna Rada is the only body of the legislative power in Ukraine. There are 450 people's deputies who are elected for a term of four years on the basis of universal,equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.
In order to be elected as a deputy, a person must be a citizen of Ukraine,
must be at least 21 years of age and have the right to vote, and must have resided in
the territory of Ukraine for no less than the previous five years. Successive elections of the Verkhovna Rada shall be conducted on the last Sunday of March of the fourth year of the term of the parliament. The Verkhovna Rada works on a session basis. Regular sessions of the Verkhovna Rada are commenced each year on the first Tuesday of February and on the first Tuesday of September.
The Verkhovna Rada elects the Chairman from its membership, the First Deputy and Deputy Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada. The Chairman conducts
meetings of the Verkhovna Rada and organizes its work.
The Verkhovna Rada's main function is making laws. Law drafting work is
performed by its Committees. Among the other functions of the parliament are: to
call for elections of the President of Ukraine, to hear annual messages of the President on the domestic and foreign situation, of the country, to remove the President from office, to give consent for the appointment of the Prime Minister of Ukraine, to declare war and to conclude peace upon the President's proposal, etc.
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The Verkhovna Rada adopts the State budget for the period from January 1
to December 31 and controls the execution of it. The monetary unit of Ukraine is
the Hryvnia. Providing for stability of currency is the main function of the central
state bank - the National Bank of Ukraine.
Chapter V specifies the powers and obligations of the President. The President
of Ukraine is the head of the state and speaks on behalf of it. He is elected directly
by the voters for a term of five years with no more than two full terms.
Regular elections of the President shall be conducted on the last Sunday of October. Assuming office the President takes the oath of the President of Ukraine.
The President of Ukraine secures state independence, national security of the
state, human rights and freedoms. He represents the state in foreign relations, conducts negotiations and concludes international treaties of Ukraine; appoints the
Prime Minister with the consent of the Verkhovna Rada, discharges him from office and makes decision on his dismissal;appoints members of the Cabinet of Ministers, heads of central bodies of executive power, as well as heads of local state administrations and discharges them from these positions; is the Commander-in- Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine; presides over the Council of National Security; signs laws adopted by the Verkhovna Rada, etc.
Chapter VI deals with the executive power of Ukraine. The highest body of
the executive power is the Cabinet of Ministers. It is responsible to the President
and is accountable the Verkhovna Rada. The Cabinet of Ministers resigns when a
new President is elected. It carries out the domestic and foreign policy of the State,
the fulfillment of the Constitution, as well as the acts of the President, develops
and fulfills national programs on the economic, scientific and technological, social
and cultural development of Ukraine.
The executive power in oblasts and rayons is exercised by local state administrations. Their heads are appointed by the President and are responsible to
him. Chapters VII-VIII outline the activities of the judicial power. Justice in
Ukraine is exercised entirely by courts. It is administered by the Constitutional
Court and by courts of general jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Ukraine is the
highest juridical body of general jurisdiction. There is the Procurator's Office of Ukraine led by the Procurator General on which oversight of observance of laws by bodies conducting investigations and inquiries is placed.
Chapters IX-X define the territorial structure of Ukraine. It is composed of
the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, 24 oblasts, rayons, cities, rayons in cities,
settlements and villages. Cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol possess a special status determined by law.
Chapter XI deals with local self-government. Local self-government is exercised by communities through councils (radas) and their executive bodies. Membership of radas includes deputies who are elected by the population for the term of 4 years. The Chairman is elected by the appropriate rada and is the head of its executive committee.
Chapter XII specifies the authorities of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine,
which has exclusive constitutional jurisdiction in Ukraine. It resolves issues on
constitutionality of laws and other legal acts, i.e. their correspondence to the Constitution.
The Constitutional Court consists of 18 judges. They are appointed for 9
years. The Chairman of the Constitutional Court is elected from its judges for a
one three-year term. Chapters XIII-XV deal with changes to the Constitution, final and transitional provisions. The Constitution of Ukraine consists of 15 chapters, 161 articles. The day of its adoption is a state holiday - the Day of the Constitution of Ukraine.
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