Arrange the words into groups according to the parts of speech.
Model :
Noun Adjective Adverb Verb
branch separate virtually provide
Power, government, distinct, balance, serve, illustrate, connect, dependent,
appoint, judge. Senate, constitutionally, unconstitutional, presidential, consensus,
usually, radically, majority, constitutionality, determine, policy, political, comparison, entire, powerful.
Combine the words from column one with those of column 2.
To serve the constitutionality of all acts of Congress
To veto important officials
To appoint as a check to others
To be approved any act of Congress
To determine governmental policy
To make compromise and consensus
To change governmental policy
Translate the new words and learn them before reading the text.
Distinct, check, to gain too much power, to veto, to override a veto, to provide,
to name federal judges, official, to approve, system of checks and balances,
in comparison, to form government, majority, to protect against extremes, dependent.
4. Explain the meaning of the following expressions:
a) constitutionality;
b) to strike down an act of Congress;
c) consensus;
Read the text.
The System of Checks and Balances
Constitution provides for three main branches of government which are
separate and distinct from each other. The powers given to each are carefully balanced by the powers of the other two. Each branch serves as a check on the others. This is to keep any branch from gaining too much power or from misusing its powers. Congress has the power to make laws, but the President may veto any act of Congress, in its turn, can override the veto by a two-thirds vote in each house. Congress can also refuse to provide funds requested by the President. The President can appoint important officials of his administration, but they must be approved by the Senate. The courts have the power to determine the constitutionality of all acts of Congress and of presidential actions, and to strike down those they find unconstitutional.
The system of check and balances makes compromise and consensus necessary.
Compromise is also a vital aspect of other levels of government in the United
States. This system protects against extremes. It means, for example, that new
presidents cannot radically change governmental policies just as they wish. In the
US, therefore, when people think of ”the government”, they usually mean the entire system, that is, the Executive Branch and the President, Congress, and the
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courts. In fact and in practice, therefore, the President is not as powerful as many
people outside the US seem to think he is. In comparison with other leaders in system where the majority party forms “the government”, he is much less so.
Answer the questions about the text.
1. What are the powers of
a) the President;
b) the Congress;
c) the Supreme Court limited by the system of checks and balances?
2. What is the role of compromise in the American system of running the
country?
3. Why do people abroad tend to exaggerate the power of the US President?
7. Find in the text the equivalents for the words below:
бути повязаним з
одержати забагато влади
залежати від
політика уряду
партія більшості
відхилити вето президента
в порівнянні з
схвалити
Give English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words.
Конституційний Суд України, Верховний Суд, акти президента, призна-
чати склад суду, усувати президента, припиняти повноваження Верховного Суду, за пропозицією народних депутатів, відповідальність Кабінету Міністрів, чергова сесія, призначати за згодою, призначати за поданням, заявити про відставку.
Work in pairs. Compare the system of check and balances in Ukraine and in the USA.
LESSON 6
I. Vocabulary Work.
Arrange the words into groups according to the parts of speech.
Model:
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
document constitute important literally
Definite, argue, contain, legal, court, include, entirely, aspect, impression,
issue, media, steady, conjure, really, hold, body, consider, treat, decision, supposedly,
current, existing, misconception, complete, govern, aboriginal, extract, leading,
settler, functional, basis.
2. Match the corresponding explanation in column 2 to the words from column 1:
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Constitutional - allowed, ordered, or approved by law
Issue - to have the official power to control a country and the
people who live there
Legal - connected with the government or public affairs of a
country and its relations with other countries
to rule - a piece of paper that gives official written information
about something
Political- officially allowed or limited by the system of rules of
a country or organization
misconception - a problem or subject that people discuss
Document - an idea which is wrong or untrue, but which people
believe because they do not understand properly
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