In an embryo the process of dorsal mesoderm segmentation and somite formation is disturbed. What part of skin will probably have developmental abnormalities?
D. *Dermis
75. A patient has osmotic pressure of blood plasma at the rate of 350 mOsmol/1 (norm is 300 mOsmol/1). This will cause hypersecretion of the following hormone:
A. *Vasopressin
A patient suffering from myasthenia has been administered proserin. After its administration the patient has got nausea, diarrhea, twitch of tongue and skeletal muscles. What drug would help to eliminate the intoxication?
D. *Atropine sulfate
77. Vitamin B deficiency causes disturbance of oxidative decarboxylation of aketoglutaric acid. This leads to the impaired synthesis of the following coenzyme:
C. *Thiamine pyrophosphate
A. Flavine adenine dinucleotide
B. Lipoic acid
D. Coenzyme A
E. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
78. A 53-year-old female patient was diagnosed with liver rupture resulting from a blunt abdominal injury. The escaped blood will be assembled in the following anatomic formation:
E. *Rectouterine pouch
79. After a sprint an untrained person develops muscle hypoxia. This leads to the accumulation of the following metabolite in muscles:
A. *Lactate
Microscopical examination of an enlarged cervical lymph node revealed blurring of its structure, absence of lymphoid follicles; all the microscopic fields showed cells with roundish nuclei and thin limbus of basophil cytoplasm. It is known from the clinical data that other groups of lymph nodes are also enlarged as well as spleen and liver. What disease might be suspected?
A. *Lymphoid leukosis
Examination of the anterior abdominal wall of a pregnant woman revealed a tumourlike formation that arose on the spot of a tumour that was removed two years ago. The neoplasm was well-defined, dense, 2x1 cm large. Histological examination revealed that the tumour was composed of differentiated connective tissue with prevailing collagen fibres. What tumour might be suspected?
A. *Desmoid
82. A patient has pellagra. Interrogation revealed that he had lived mostly on maize for a long time and eaten little meat. This disease had been caused by the deficit of the following substance in the maize:
B. *Tryptophan
83. Quite often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infection involvement, when the causative agents propagate directly in the cells of immune system and destroy it. The following diseases are characterized by:
D. *Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
84. A 32-year-old patient consulted a doctor about the absence of lactation after parturition. Such disorder might be explained by the deficit of the following hormone:
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E. *Prolactin
To prevent the transplant rejection after organ transplantation it is required to administer hormonotherapy for the purpose of immunosuppression. What hormones are used for this purpose?
A. *Glucocorticoids
A patient suffering from chronic bronchitis takes a synthetic mucolytic drug that facilitates the sputum thinning. What drug is it?
A. *Acetylcysteine
A 62-year-old female patient has developed a cataract (lenticular opacity) secondary to the diabetes mellitus. What type of protein modification is observed in case of diabetic cataract?
D. *Glycosylation
As a result of durative antibiotic therapy a 37-year old patient developed intestinal dysbacteriosis. What type of drugs should be used in order to normalize intestinal microflora?
D. *Eubiotics
89. A patient with high rate of obesity was advised to use carnitine as a food additive in order to enhance "fat burning". What is the role of carnitine in the process of fat oxidation?
B. *Transport of FFA (free fatty acids) from cytosol to the mitochondria
90. While studying a microslide obtained from the punctuate of a regional lymph node and stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa method a physician revealed some light-pink thin microorganisms with 12-14 regular spiral coils and pointed ends, up to 10-13 micrometer long. This might be the causative agent of the following disease:
D. *Syphilis
91. As a result of continuous starvation the glomerular filtration rate has increased by 20%. The most probable cause of the glomerular filtration alteration under the mentioned conditions is:
D. *Decrease in the oncotic pressure of blood plasma
A female patient suffering from bronchial asthma had got a viral infection that provoked status asthmaticus with fatal outcome. Histological examination of lungs revealed spasm and edema of bronchi oles, apparent infiltration of their walls with lymphocytes, eosinophils and other leukocytes; labrocyte degranulation. What mechanism of hypersensitivity underlies the described alterations?
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C. *Reagin reaction
A 63-year-old patient with collapse presentations was delivered to the emergency hospital. A physician has chosen noradrenalin against hypotension. What is its mechanism of action?
B. *Activation of a1-adrenoreceptors
94. A patient complains about dyspnea provoked by the physical activity. Clinical examination revealed anaemia and presence of the paraprotein in the zone of gamma globulins. To confirm the myeloma diagnosis it is necessary to determine the following index in the patient's urine:
A. *Bence Jones protein
Examination of a young woman revealed a tumour up to 3 cm in diameter in form of a knot localized along the acoustic nerve. The tumour is homogenous, soft and elastic, of pink-and-white colour. Microscopically the tumour contains clusters of cells with oval nuclei. Fibrous cell clusters form regular structures made up by parallel rows of regularly oriented cells arranged in form of a palisade. Zones between the rows of cells are acellular and homogenous (Verocai bodies). What tumour is it?
E. *Neurinoma
A 38-year-old patient came to a traumatology centre and complained about an injury of his right hand. Objectively: the patient has a cut wound in the region of the thenar eminence on the right hand; distal phalanx of the I finger cannot be flexed. What muscle was injured?
E. *Long flexor muscle of thumb
97. An oncological patient was administered methotrexate. With the lapse of time the target cells of the tumour lost sensitivity to this preparation. We can observe changes in the gene expression of the following enzyme:
D. *Dihydrofolate reductase
A 35-year-old patient complains about having severe rhinitis and loss of sense of smell for a week. Objectively: the nasal cavity contains a lot of mucus covering the mucous membrane and blocking olfactory receptors. In what region of the nasal cavity are these receptors located?
B. *Superior nasal concha
99. A 38-year-old patient with a uterine haemorrhage lasting for 2 days was delivered to the admission ward. Which of the following will be revealed in the patient's blood?
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C. *Decrease in the haematocrite index
Autopsy of a 1, 5-year-old child revealed haemorrhagic skin rash, moderate hyperaemia and edema of nasopharyngeal mucous membrane, small haemorrhages in the mucous membranes and internal organs; dramatic dystrophic alterations in liver and myocardium; acute necrotic nephrosis; massive haemorrhages in the adrenal glands. What disease are these alterations the most typical for?
B. *Meningococcal infection
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