Ex.3. Перекладіть речення на українську /російську мову

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1. The Ukrainian Parliament passed the law determining the banking system in 1991. 2. The National Bank of Ukraine conducts a uniform monetary, credit, currency policy. 3. There exist nearly 230 commercial banks in Ukraine. Their main functions include monetary deals with public organizations and private citizens. 4. In volume of business the London Stock Exchange offers the largest range of services. It ranks third after New York and Tokyo. 5. The revolution of 1688 in England created political stability and a wave of financial experimentation. 6. Paterson proposed a loan of $1,200,000 to the government, in return Paterson demanded 8%. 7. The Bank of England continued to occupy Grocer’s Hall for nearly 40 years. 8. The Bank of England started its monetary policies in 1694. 9. The main commercial banks Barclay Bank, Midland Bank, and National Westminster Bank perform trading operations with millions of securities daily. 10. In the 18^th century the Bank developed as a government bank. Four-fifth of its business and profits came from the government connection. 11. As in most other developed countries, monetary policy operates in the UK mainly through the price of money – in other words, the rate of interest. 12. Many people think that rich people do not pay any taxes; they use tax shelters to avoid them.

Ex.4. Перекладіть речення на українську/російську мову, звертаючи увагу на переклад підрядих речень часу і умови, які вводяться такими сполучниками: if - якщо, unless- якщо тільки ... не, provided that - за умови якщо, when - коли, untill,till - доти поки ... не, as soon as - як тільки, as long as - поки, before - перед тим , як.Пам’ятайте, що всі речення,як головні так і підрядні перекладаються в майбутньому часі.

1.If the price of this comodity becomes more expensive than today's price, I'll subsidize the difference for you. 2. If the price of your commodity drops below today's price, I'll pay you the difference to cover your loss. 3. I'll inform you about the Dow Jones and Industrial Average as soon as I know the formula of stock prices of 30 major industrial companies. 4. If I am free on weekend we'll be able to discuss the agenda of the conference. 5. As soon as you prove the impossibility of carrying out this obligation you will not bear responsibility for it. 6. If the poor spend a larger fraction of their income on alcohol, as figure suggests, they will bear a disproportionately large share of the tax. 7.If the price of CDs rises from $15 to $20, income will face a new budget constraint. 8. If the price elasticity of demand for gasoline is 5, then this price increase will lead to a fall in quantity demanded of 10 per cent.

Часи Групи Indefinite (Passive Voice)

	Present	Past	Future
Стверджува-льна форма	I am promoted in business You/they/we are promoted in business He/she/it is promoted in business Мені допомогають (сприяють) в бізнесі.	I/he/she was promoted in business We/you were promoted in They business Мені допогли (сприяли) в бізнесі.	I/we shall be promoted in business She/he will be promoted You/they in business Мені допоможуть (посприяють) в бізнесі
Питальна форма	Am I promoted in business Are you/they promoted in business? Are we promoted in business? Is he/she/it promoted in business? Чи допомогають (сприяють) мені в бізнесі?	Was I/he/she/it promoted in business? Were you/ they promoted in business? Чи допомогли (сприяли) мені в бізнесі?	Shall I/we be promoted in business? Will she/he/it be promoted you/they in business Чи допоможуть (посприяють) мені в бізнесі?
Заперечна форма	I am not promoted in business You/they/w are not promoted in business He/she/it is not promoted in business Мені не допомогають (не сприяють) в бізнесі	I/he/she/it was not promoted in business They/we/you were not promoted in business Мені не допомогли (не посприяли) в бізнесі	I/we shall not be promoted in business He/she will not be You/they promoted in business Мені не допоможуть (не посприяють) в бізнесі

Пасивний стан (Passive Voice)- показує, що підмет пасивний, тобто він піддається дії з боку іншої особи або предмета.

Способи перекладу речень з присудком в пасивному стані.

1.) сполученням дієслова “бути” з дієприкметником пасивного стану минулого часу:

The goods were examined yesterday.

Товари були оглянуті вчора.

2.) дієсловом з часткою -ся, сь: Товари оглядалися вчора.

3.) дієсловом в активному стані в 3-тій особі множини з неозначено-особовим значенням на -ли, -ють, -уть. -

Товари оглянули (оглядали) вчора.

4) сполученням дієслова “бути” з дієслівними формами на –но, -то в безособових реченнях:

That house was built last year.

Той будинок було збудовано торік.

Ex.5. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову. Визначте час і стан дієслова-присудка.

1. All values in the economic system are measured in terms of money. 2. Our goods and services are sold for money. 3. And money in turn is exchanged for other goods. 4. Commodity prices were always based on supply and demand. 5. Most of the world's future exchanges are located in the United States. 6. Coins are sent back to the Mint for melting and recasting. 7. The Commodities Exchange (COMEX) was formed from the merger of the Rubber Exchange, Hide Exchange, Raw Silk Exchange and Metals Exchange. 8. How will commission be paid ? 9. Today, new coins are struck at the Bureau of the Mint's Philadelphia, Denver and San Francisco branches. 10. Worn out and dirty money is shipped back to the Federal Reserve Banks. 11. The future market was created to help business minimize risks. 12. The number "one", as a numeral or word is found 16 times on a dollar bill (front and back side). 13. In today's global economy currencies are valued by measuring them against each other. 14. Lincoln's employees are paid by piecework system. 15. Almost every discussion about a nation's economy is based on a concept GNP (gross national product). 16.Such high price will not be accepted by the buyers and the firm will meet troubles. 17. This consignment of coffee will be imported from Brasil at adequate prices as soon as we fax our address. 18. The guarantee period will be prolonged to 10 months from the date of the start-up of the equipment. 19. The firm is assured that the equipment will be delivered within two months from the date of opening the Letter of Credit.

Особливості перекладу пасивних зворотів на українську мову

1. Пам'ятаєте, що якщо в реченні говориться про особу або предмет, що впливає на підмет,який виражений іменником (або займенником) із прийменником by, то можливий переклад :

1) дієсловом у пасивному стані;

2) дієсловом в активному стані. У цьому випадку особа або предмет стає підметом українського речення.

e.g.

Financial documents were signed by the manager and the accountant.

1) Фінансові документи були підписані керівником і бухгалтером (пасивний стан).

2) Керівник і бухгалтер підписали фінансові документи (дійсний стан).

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