UNIT 2 INTRODUCTION INTO SOCIOLOGY 7 страница
2. The telephone rang while I was taking a shower. I dried _____andran into the room.
3. I tried to study but I just couldn’t make__________ .
4. Jack and I first met_____ at a party five years ago.
5. You’re working too much. Why don’t you relax ______ more?
6. It was a lovely holiday. We really enjoyed _____ very much.
7. The routine is the same every morning I wash _____ andhave breakfast.
Ex. 5. In these sentences you have to write -selves or each other.
Pattern: Look at yourself. Your face is dirty.
How long have Tom and Ann known each others.
1. At Christmas friends often give ___________presents.
2. I enjoyed ___very much at the party.
3. Jack and Jill are very happy together. They love _______very much.
4. She has no reason to blame __________.
5. I think this poor dog has hurt_________ .
6. Nora and I don’t see ________ very often these days.
Ex. 6. Complete these sentences using on my own/by myself, etc.
Pattern: Learner-drivers are not allowed to drive on their own.
1. She hated being in the house on _____. She was afraid to be alone.
2. The box was too heavy for me to lift by _____.
3. You can’t expect them to do everything by ________.
4. Very young children should not be allowed to go swimmingby ______.
5. Mothers shouldn’t leave children in the house on _____.
6. We’ve often made that mistake ______.
7. Do you like working with other people or do you preferworking _______.
8. If the rest of you can’t, help we’ll have to do it on ________.
Ex. 7. Use one of the demonstrative pronouns in the following sentences.
1. ______ is cooking oil, I always buy_____ one. 2. She gave me the______ present as a year before. 3. What do you want me to do with _____ 4. He was one of _____ men whom women all like. 5. Do you see ____ bushes on the other side of the river? 6. Let us leave _____subject. 7. He continued to frequent the ____ cafe as when he had stayed at the hotel. 8. I believe you but there are _____ who wouldn’t. 9. _____ is what I thought last year. 10. _____ life. 11. _____ is what I want you to do. 12. I have divided the books into two piles. ____ are to be kept. _____ are to be sold. 13. Our house was next to _________of June’s.
Ex. 8. Fill in many, much or a lot of.
1. A. Let’s go for a walk.
B. I can’t. I’ve got a lot of work to do.
2. A. Do you want to come in for a while?B. No, thank you. I haven’t got ... time.
3. A. Mr. Brown looks very happy.
B. Yes. He won... money last week.
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4. A. You’ve got ... pets!
B. Yes, three dogs and four cats!
5. A. I must go to the bank today.
B. I’ll come with you. I haven’t got ... money either.
6. A. Have you got ... lessons today?B. No. I’ll be home at three o’clock.
7. A. Have you seen ... horror films?B. No. I don’t like horror films.
8. A. There isn’t ... coffee left.
B. I know. I’ll buy some today.
9. A. Are there ... children in your class? B. Yes, about twenty-five.
C.
Ex. 1. Fill in the correct possessive adjective or pronoun.
1. A. Have you met your new neighbours yet?
B. No. I’ve seen ... children in the garden, though.
2. A. You took ... coat home last night.
В. I know, I’m sorry. I thought it was ... because they’re both black.
3. A. What’s wrong with Rosie?
B. Oh, she’s been having problems with ... back recently.
4. A. James is doing well at school.
В. I know ... teacher says he’s very advanced for his age.
5. A. Is this bag ... ?
B. Oh, yes, thank you. I nearly forgot it.
6. A. Julie and Frank are so lucky ... house is beautiful.B. Yes, and it’s so much bigger than ..., I envy them.
7. A: I like ... shirt. It’s like Sandra’s.
B: Actually, it is ... I borrowed it from her yesterday.
8. A: Why did you lend Tom ... car?
B: Because ... is being repaired at the moment.
Ex. 2. Fill in a possessive adjective or the.
1. A dog bit him on the leg.
2. I banged ... head on the cupboard door.
3. Karen put ... arm around Jane’s shoulder.
4. Don’t put ... feet on the table!
5. You shouldn’t have punched Tom in ... stomach.
6. Paul patted Lisa on ... shoulder.
Ex. 3. Frank and Kim are having a picnic by a lake. Read the dialogue and underline the correct item.
A. There’s 1) nothing/something I like more than having a picnic here by Lake Tahoe.
B. Yes, it’s 2) anything/something I really enjoy, too. It’s great to go 3) anywhere/somewhere where there is no noisy traffic and 4) anything/nothing to disturb us from our lunch. I can’t think of 5) somewhere/anywhere I’d rather be than here.
A. I know. There’s 6) no one/somebody else here, so we can enjoy the peace and quiet.
B. Well, I’d like 7) any/some more of that chicken. Is there 8) no/ any left?
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A. Yes, there’s plenty in this basket. But there’s 9) some/ no mayonnaise, I’m afraid.
B. That’s okay. Wait a minute. Did you hear 10) something/nothing?
A. Don’t be silly. It was 11) anything/nothing.
B. No, look! A group of school children are coming for a picnic, too!
A. Oh no! I can’t think of 12) something/anything worse! Let’s go home!
Ex. 4. Fill in the gaps with some, any, no or one of their compounds.
1. A. Is anything the matter with Dawn? She looks upset. B. She had an argument with her friend today.
2. A. I think ... is trying to break into that house.B. You’re right. We should call the police.
3. A. We’ve got ... time to make a cake before the party!B. I’ll go out and buy one then.
4. A. I’m thinking of moving ... to London.
B. Really? My boss has a house near London.
5. A. It was very busy in town today.
B. I know. There was hardly ... to park.
6. A. I suppose I should make ... for dinner.B. I’ll help you if you like.
7. A. What’s on TV tonight?
B. I looked in the TV guide. There’s hardly ... good on tonight.
8. A. Do you like living in Brighton?
B. Yes, but ... will ever mean as much to me as my home town.
9. A. Did you have a good holiday in England?B. Yes. There was hardly ... rain all week.
10. A. Did you call Sarah this evening?
B. Yes, but ... was at home, so I left a message on the answering machine.
Ex. 5. Choose the correct answer.
1. “Did you buy a new skirt?” – “No. I looked in C shop in town”.
A. everything В. everywhere C. every
2. “Who is coming to your party?” – “I’ve invited ... I know”.
A. everything В. everyone С. everywhere
3. “Have you found your keys yet?” – “No. I’ve looked ..., but Ican’t find them”.
A. everything В. everywhere С. every
4. “The children must have been hungry”. – “I know. They ate ...
on their plates”.
A. every В. everywhere С. everything
5. “Where shall I put the shopping?” – “Put ... in the kitchen,please”.
A. everything В. everywhere С. everybody
6. “How often do you go to the gym?” – “I usually go ... day”.
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A. everything В. everywhere С. every
7. “Do I have to tidy my room?” – “Yes. There are clothes andtoys ...!”
A. everyone В. everywhere С. every
8. “Is there a problem?” – “No, don’t worry ... is fine”.
A. Everywhere В. Every С. Everything
9. “Has Jim gone out again?” – “Yes. He’s been out ... night thisweek”.
A. every В. everything С. everywhere
Ex. 6. Fill in the gaps using each or every.
1. In a basketball match each team has five players.
2. She has a piano lesson ... Wednesday.
3. The Jones’ house has ten rooms and they ... have a televisionin ... room.
4. The teacher told us to spend five minutes on ... question.
5. He visits us ... weekend.
6. My aunt gave ... one of us a present.
7. I love this group. I’ve got ... record they’ve ever made.
8. There are three glasses, but ... one is a different shape.
9. I think about him ... moment of the day.
10. ... of these two bottles holds one litre.
Ex. 7. Fill in the gaps with a few, very few, a little or very little.
1. A. How was your exam today?
B. Actually, I would have liked a little more time to finish it.
2. A. How do you like your tea?
B. With no sugar and just ... milk, please.
3. A. Are you ready to take your driving test? B. No. I think I need ... more lessons.
4. A. Do you want me to bring anything for the party?
B. Well, I’ve got ... wine glasses. Could I borrow some of yours?
5. A. Did you get that job?
B. No. I didn’t get it because I’ve got ... experience.
6. A. Why didn’t Alan’s business succeed?B. Unfortunately, he had ... clients.
7. A. Shall we go shopping this evening?B. I’m sorry, I’ve got... time today.
8. A. Have you finished your garden yet? B. Not yet, but I’ve planted ... trees.
9. A. Are you hungry?
B. Not really. I’ll just have ... soup for lunch.
10. A. How was your first day at work?
B. Not very good, really. I made ... mistakes.
Ex. 8. Fill in the gaps with both, all, neither, either or none.
Dear Beth,
Thank you for your letter. I was good to hear 1) all your news. I get lots of letters, but 2) ... of them cheer me up as much as yours. Bill and I are 3) ... very tired at the moment. He’s very busy because he’s been promoted to manger of his firm. I’ve started a new job, so don’t have much spare time, 4) ... I love my job and 5) ... of the people I work with are friendly, but the long hours seem to take up 6) ... of my energy. My parents are coming to visit us tomorrow. 7) ... of them have seen the new house yet, so I’ll have to show them 8) ... around. Bill has decorated 9) ... of the rooms, so 10) ... of them looks the way they did when we moved in. I hope 11) ... you and Toby will be able to visit us again soon, then you can see 12) ... the changes. Write soon. I’m looking forward to 13) ... hearing from you or seeing you soon.
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With love. Chloe
Ex. 9. Translate into English using reflexive pronouns.
1. Вы сделали это совершенно самостоятельно?
2. Возьмите себя в руки.
3. Когда мы приехали, сам губернатор встретил нас в аэропорту.
4. Через несколько минут он снова был самим собой.
5. Девушка шла, тихо напевая про себя.
6. Ведите себя как следует.
7. Они слишком много о себе думают.
8. Вы можете разделить это между собой.
9. Я очень горжусь собой, что нашел выход из этой труднойситуации.
10. Ты можешь сделать это самостоятельно?
11. Вам не надо приходить самому, можете прислать секретаря.
Ex. 10. Translate into English paying attention to the use of personal and demonstrative pronouns as the subject.
1. Чьи это брюки? – Это мои брюки.
2. Я принес вам важные новости. Это самые последниеновости.
3. Кто-то постучал в дверь. Это мой сосед.
4. Куда вы положили деньги? – Они в кошельке, на полке.
5. Вы помните его? Какой это был мужественный человек!
Ex. 11. Translate into English.
1. Кто знает этого человека?
2. Кто из вас разбил эту вазу?
3. Кого из них вы спрашивали об этом?
4. Кого вы ждете здесь?
5. Кому вы дали свой словарь?
Ex. 12. Translate into English.
1. Они ехали по широкой дороге, по обе стороны которой рослидеревья.
2. Оба, я и мой брат, были молоды и сильны.
3. Передай это сообщение папе или маме, боюсь, я не увижуни того, ни другого.
4. Ты не можешь взять с собой оба моих фотоаппарата.
5. Они оба служат в армии.
UNIT 2 INTRODUCTION INTO SOCIOLOGY
Text 1
What is Sociology
Ex. 1. Before reading the text look up the following words in the dictionary:
Aim, analysis, anxiety, approach, aspiration, awareness, basic, to behave, behaviour, boundary, to characterize, choice, common sense, to communicate, community, competence, (to) condition, to confront, context, criterion, datum (data), (to) demand, to depend on, disciplined, to emerge, emphasis, environment, social environment, essential, event, expectation, to meet the expectations, experience, extent, frame, frequently, general, goal, to go beyond, group, human being, human society, to identify, identity, social identity, image, (to) impact, individual, (to) influence, position, to pursue, to respond to, sociology, source, subject of study, subject-matter.
Ex. 2. Read the international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stress.
| process | fragmentary | sociology |
| abstract | systematic | motivation |
| context | communicate | intellectual |
| social | situation | fundamental |
| aspect | analysis | specialized |
Ex. 3. Form the derivatives.
Model A: V + tion N
Assimilate, interact, accommodate, communicate, associate, relate, interpret, investigate, actualize.
Model B: V + ment N
Adjust, agree, establish, manage, engage, settle, achieve, acknowledge.
Ex. 4. Transform as in the models.
Model A: to identify the forces – identification of the forces.
To interview people, to transform social life, to discover the structure, to study the social context, to respond to opportunities, to interpret the event.
Model B: springs of action – action springs.
Awareness of plurality, boundaries of activity, aspects of society, categories of everyday life, investigation of social processes, subjectmatter of sociology.
Ex. 5. Match English and Russian equivalents.
| 1) common-sense knowledge | a) четкие границы | ||
| 2) basic structure | b) общеизвестные сведения | ||
| 3) sociological research | c) человеческий опыт | ||
| 4) human experience | d) рабочая обстановка | ||
| 5) social identity | e) базовая, фундаментальная наука | ||
| 6) basic science | f) источники перемен | ||
| 7) sources of changes | g) социальное лицо | ||
| 8) neat boundaries | h) социологическое исследование | ||
| 9) work setting | i) основная, базовая структура | ||
Read the text and say what sociology studies.
Sociology is one of the social sciences. It occupies a prime position among a group of these sciences or disciplines, which include also anthropology, economics and political sciences.
The subject-matter of sociology is behaviour of people as social beings. Sociology is the study of human social life, groups and societies. The scope of sociology is extremely wide, ranging from the analysis of everyday happenings with people in the street up to the investigation of global social processes.
Among the aims of sociology there are such as: discovering the basic structure of human society, identifying the main forces that hold groups together or weaken them, learning what conditions transform social life.
And still in the world there are different approaches to sociology. For some people sociology is the scientific study of society and social behaviour. For others it is a guide for ordinary people to understand what is happening to them and how their social world operates. Both approaches are to be considered actual and interdependent at the present historical moment. A common sense question “so what?”[7] should be used by a sociologist who is taking part in a research.
Almost everyone has some specialized knowledge of a social situation: a family, a work setting or a life style. The sociologist is respectful of this common sense knowledge and often depends on it. However, in the majority of cases it can be fragmentary and uncritical. Sociological research is to be more critical and more systematic. It is quite evident that for this reason sociology must often go beyond the categories of everyday life and must invent new categories to interpret events and experiences in a fresh light.
In order to understand how people behave and how they change it is always necessary to see it as a part of a broader social process. That is why sociologists closely study social context which helps a lot in interpreting things.
Sociology studies men and groups in action. The acting person is a specific human being who pursues goals, interprets experience, responds to opportunities and confronts difficulties.
The sociological emphasis on context and action points out to the concreteness of human experience. There is no abstract being called man, there are only particular persons who live their own lives in historical time. Awareness of plurality is essential for sociology. It studies the general and the particular, the abstract and the concrete.
Human interaction is another focus of sociology. A human being always interacts with his social environment. From his setting he derives aspirations, competencies, satisfactions, anxieties and social identity.
Text-based Activities
Ex. 1. Choose the right word.
1. Sociology is one of the... sciences.
a) precise b) social c) natural 2. There is no... being called man.
a) theoretical b) historical c) abstract
3. Sociological study... close analysis of the sources of change.
a) has b) become c) involves
4. The sociologist is respectful of the...
a) advice b) news c) common-sense knowledge 5. A human being always interacts with his social...
a) process b) environment c) action
Ex. 2. Complete the sentences.
1. Sociology studies... . 2. Sociological study involves close analysis of... . 3. To study the social context it is... . 4. Sociological research tries to be more critical and... . 5. The subject-matter of sociology is... .
Ex. 3. Insert the right word.
Sociology, social, sociological, society, sciences
1. A human being always interacts with his ... environment.
2. ... studies men and groups in action.
3. ... study involves close analysis of the sources of change.
4. The aim of sociology is to discover the basic structure of human ... .
5. Sociology is one of the social ... .
Ex. 4. Mark the statements as true or false.
1. To understand how people behave the social context must beclosely observed.
2. Sociology never goes beyond the categories of everyday life.
3. Some aspects of society are well-known to most people.
4. Sociology studies animals and plants in action.
5. Awareness of plurality is essential for sociology.
6. Sociology is a probing discipline.
Ex. 5. Answer the questions on the text:
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