UNIT 2 INTRODUCTION INTO SOCIOLOGY 2 страница
Marina: I want to become a teacher and work at primary classes. I know that it is a very difficult profession. But there is nothing better than to teach young children and help them to find their way in life, to educate them. I love children, and I want to spend all my life with them. Moreover, I want to leave good memories in their souls.
Rita: As for me, my dream is to be a sociologist. You know that sociology is a science that studies the nature and growth of society and social behaviour of people in it. I always read a lot of reviews done by sociologists on the eve of the elections or referendums. I’m absolutely sure that the results of this work are necessary for political parties, for non-governmental groups and politicians.
Sasha: I think that I’ll become an economist. My mother is an economist and I understand how important her work is for her enterprise. She is responsible for the effectiveness of the plant. She is aware of the production, distribution and using up of the goods. No decision is taken without her approval. It is very responsible work.
Kate: I want to become a journalist. It’s impossible to imagine our life without journalists’ work. Every day we see reporters and journalists on TV and hear them on the radio. These people are always very busy, they are in danger, but their life is interesting. As for me, I try to write articles for our school newspaper and my friends like them.
Ivan: I want to be a lawyer and work in a juridical field. A lawyer can solve many problems. This work gives stability to any society. People must be protected by the power of laws and the society has to be protected against crime. But I haven’t decided yet what I really want to be a notary or a judge.
We know that today jobs spring out looking after other people’s lives, children, dogs, gardens, food, health. We understand that all the professions are very important for the society. It needs any skills, the more skills – the better. If you don’t have them – get them. Don’t forget, by 2030 there’ll be jobs we haven’t ever thought about yet. Everybody has to work hard for his dream to come true.
Text-based Activities
Ex. 1. Find in the text the nouns used in the possessive case and read out the sentences.
Ex. 2. Choose the correct phrase (a, b or c) to complete the following sentences.
1. One of the most difficult problems a young person faces after finishing school is ....
a) to enter an educational establishment.
b) choosing a career.
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c) earning money to support life.
2. Sociology is a science that ....
a) studies people’s characters.
b) helps people in their relationship.
c) studies the nature and growth of society and social behaviour
of people living in it.
3. To become an economist it is necessary to know about ....
a) the production, distribution and using up of goods.
b) growth of society.
c) social behaviour of people.
4. To work in a juridical field you have to be ....
a) a journalist.
b) a lawyer.
c) a sociologist.
Ex. 3. Find in the text the English equivalents for the given Russian sentences.
1. ... что социология – это наука, которая изучает природу иразвитие общества, а также социальное поведение людей в нем.
2. ... сегодня возникает множество специальностей поприсмотру за другими людьми, их детьми, собаками, садами, питанием, здоровьем.
3. ... любые умения, чем больше умений – тем лучше.
4. Если вы ничего не умеете – учитесь.
5. И не забывайте, что к 2030 году появятся неизвестныепрежде профессии.
Speech Activities
Ex. 1. Learn the patterns. Pay attention to their structure and use them in your own sentences.
I wish I were a sociologist.
Я хочу стать социологом.
The more skills – the better.
Чем больше умений, тем лучше.
Ex. 2. They say that to choose a profession is not an easy thing. Prove that it is so. Who helped you to make the right decision.
Ex. 3. Now let’s have a round table and talk about different professions and jobs. A person taking part in our talk will give reasons why he (she) wants to choose this or that profession.
Ex. 4. Reread the text and speak about the profession you like best. Give your arguments why it is so. The following phrases may be useful:
In my opinion ...
To my mind ...
I agree that ...
I can’t agree that ...
It’s a well-known fact that ...
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I fully (absolutely) agree that ...
Ex. 5. Comment on the following saying: “All things are difficult before they are easy”. How do you understand it?
Text 2
The Way I Study Sociology
Ex. 1. Before reading the text look up the following words in the dictionary:
A freshman = a first-year student, to major in = to specialize in, to admit, to make up one’s mind, a research worker, eventually, to enter, faculty, science, behaviour, syllabus.
Ex. 2. Match the English and Russian equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
Let me introduce myself; as they say it in America; I am doing sociology; let alone some other things; I take a special liking to history; it was shortly before leaving school; to take up sociology seriously; whether I will make a very good teacher.
Получится ли из меня очень хороший учитель; как говорят в Америке; не говоря уже о других предметах; разрешите представиться; я изучаю социологию; незадолго до окончания школы; мне особенно нравится история; заняться изучением социологии серьезно.
Read the text and say what perspectives the profession of a sociologist provides you with.
Let me introduce myself: I am Sasha Ivanov, a student at Yanka Kupala Grodno State University. Now I am a freshman, as they say it in America, and I am doing sociology in the Faculty of history and sociology. I take a full course of the History of Sociology and the Introduction into Sociology, let alone some other things. I must say I take a special liking to the subjects in which I am going to major (specialize). I must admit Social Studies was my favourite subject at school. I was also fond of reading historical novels describing life, culture and political events in different countries of the world. And it was shortly before leaving school that I made up my mind to enter this faculty and take up sociology seriously as my future profession.
You know sociology is a science that studies the nature and growth of society and social behaviour of people in it. There are many subjects in our syllabus connected with social studies: the introduction into sociology, the history of sociology, etc.
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The profession of a sociologist is quite varied. The graduates of our Faculty can work as teachers and research workers at secondary and higher schools, educational establishments, companies, firms, etc. Many of them have become well-known scientists or have chosen public activity as their career.
Whether I will make a very good teacher or a research worker, or become successful in some other field of social life remains to be seen[6] . But I’m sure that eventually I will become quite knowledgeable in the field of sociology and social sciences.
Vocabulary Focus
Ex. 1. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words:
Факультет истории и социологии, слушать полный курс, увлекаться, связанный с, выпускники, средние школы, высшие школы, образовательные учреждения, вполне подготовленный.
Ex. 2. Fill in the right word:
syllabus (syllabi), curriculum (curricula)
1. A ... is a plan that states exactly what students at a school orcollege should learn in a particular subject.
2. A ... is the subjects that are taught by a school, college, etc, orthe things that are studied in a particular subject.
3. Has computer studies been introduced into the school ...?
4. Dickens and Hardy are on this year’s English... .
graduate from, finish (leave) school
1. At what age did you ... school?
2. When did your friend ... from the University?
3. Every year many young people ... from our college.
4. What did you do after you ... the medical school?
study, learn, teach
1. I want to ... to play tennis.
2. Who ... you English last year?
3. What subjects do you ... in your 1st year?
4. “Your homework for tomorrow is: to ... the grammar materialand to ... the new words”, said the teacher.
5. He ... this historical document very well.
6. In learning a foreign language it is necessary to ... systematically.
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7. We often ... the texts by heart.
8. I usually ... in the morning.
9. Did you ... French or German at school?
10. Which is more difficult: to ... or to ...?
11. She ... her friends the new game.
12. Will you teach me how to swim?
13. He ... his lessons quickly.
14. My teacher ... me English.
15. Susan wanted to learn ... to drive.
Ex. 3. Find another way of expressing the parts in italics. Consult the text.
1. Let me tell you how I study sociology.
2. I am a student of the Moscow University. Now I am in my first year.
3. Besides other subjects I take a course of world history.
4. I like my special subject very much.
5. After finishing school I decided to become a college student.
6. English was the subject he liked best at school.
7. I am sure my sister will finally become a good teacher.
Ex. 4. Fill in the correct prepositions:
1. We are going to major ... the humanities.
2. Eventually my brother made ... his mind to enter ... the university.
3. At school he took a special liking ... world culture.
4. We made ... our minds to take ... sport seriously.
5. When did your sister graduate ... college?
Oral Speech Practice Ex. 1. Supply answers to the following questions:
1. What is your name?
2. Are you a first-year or a second-year student?
3. What faculty are you in?
4. You take a full course of sociology at the University, don’t you?
5. What courses of history do you take?
6. Do you study other subjects?
7. What was your favourite subject at school?
8. Why did you make up your mind to enter this faculty?
9. Which do you want to become: a teacher of social sciences or aresearch worker after graduating from university?
10. Are you sure you will make a good specialist?
11. Why have you chosen sociology as your future speciality?
Ex. 2. Find in the text and read out the information about your future profession (career perspectives etc) that was unknown to you before reading the text.
Ex. 3. Say something about your entrance examinations.
The words you may need: to take three examinations (centralized tests), the history of Belarus, Russian (the Russian language), Belarussian (the Belarussian language), Social Studies (Human, society and state), to do well in, to pass the exams successfully (успешно), to fail, many applicants (абитуриенты), to be admitted to (быть принятым в).
Ex. 4. Make up an oral presentation about your future profession. Make use of the following plan.
1. Introduce yourself.
2. Speak about the importance of making the right choice aboutyour future career (what you have to think about, who helped you to make the choice, etc).
3. There are different professions to choose from (...).
4. Speak about the most important factors for you in making orkeeping a job.
5. Describe the profession of a sociologist (what kind of sciencesociology is, speak about your entrance exams, what kind of profession/job it is, what opportunities it gives you).
UNIVERSITY STUDIES
Discuss the following quotation in pairs:
Light is better than darkness, knowledge is better than ignorance. So what’s your choice?
Find the following words in the dictionary:
An academic session (year), a college, studies, Dean, the Dean’s office, a lecture (on), to lecture (in), a lecturer, a lecture room, a term (semester), a term (course)-paper, a credit-test, a theme, archaeology, sources and literature, a department, a foreign language, a gym, a hostel
(dormitory), a canteen, to take (pass) an examination (in), to be admitted to, to fail (in) the examination, to attend classes (lectures, seminars, tutorials), a seminar (on/in), to miss classes, to have a history class (a Latin class), to present a course (term)-paper, to make a report (on), to read (prepare) for an exam, to get an excellent (good, satisfactory bad) mark in (for), after (before) classes, classes finish (are over), to work at (one’s English, history, a problem), to make notes (of), to do one’s homework (lessons), in class.
Vocabulary Drill Ex. 1. Match the definitions:
| 1) a lecture | a) one of the groups of people working together to form part of a large organisation such as a hospital, university, or company; |
| 2) a credit | b) somewhere where people, especially people living away from home, can stay and eat cheaply; |
| 3) a term | c) a place in a factory, school, etc. where meals are provided, usually quite cheaply; |
| 4) a hostel | d) a successfully completed part of a course at a university or college; |
| 5) a tutorial | e) a period of teaching and discussion with a tutor, especially in a British university; |
| 6) a seminar | f) a long talk given to a group of people on a particular subject, especially as a method of teaching in universities; |
| 7) a report | g) one of the periods that the university year is divided into; |
| 8) a department | h) a class in which a small group of students meet to study or talk about a particular subject; |
| 9) a canteen | i) a written or spoken description of a situation or event, giving people the information they need. |
Ex. 2. Render the expressions in brackets in English:
1. I began this (учебный год) as a student of Grodno State University. 2. It was only ago that I (сдал свой последний экзамен). 3. I (сдал экзамены) successfully and (был принят) to the university.
4. Then the (декан) of the Faculty took the floor. 5. He spoke about the subjects we were to study and various (кафедрах) of the faculty. 6. He expressed hope that we should attend all the (лекции, семинары, практические). 7. Each year we must (представлять курсовую работу) to our scientific adviser and (делать доклады) in class on different themes. 8. In June, for instance, I will (готовиться к экзамену) in archaeology, ancient history. 9. Our English teacher says we must (работать над языком) very hard.
Ex. 3. Answer the questions:
1. What can students do in the canteen?
2. Do you attend your lectures? What do you do at them?
3. What are students supposed to do at the seminar?
4. You often work at the library, don’t you? Describe how youwork there.
5. Why can students fail in an examination?
Use the prompts:
At the Lecture
to listen to the lecturer, to take notes, to ask questions, to write, to put down
At the Seminar
to speak on the subject, to make a report, to take part in the discus-
sion, to ask questions, to add to what was said by the previous speaker, to ask the teacher to explain, to clear up
At the Library
to read books recommended by the teachers of History, to look
through newspapers and magazines, to make notes, to prepare for
In the Canteen
to have one’s meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper), to eat, to drink, to have a bite, to take coffee (tea, milk, juice, sandwiches, bread and butter, fish, meat, vegetables, fruit)
Ex. 4. Read aloud the following sentences paying attention to the pronunciation of the different homonyms of ‘present’:
1. Open the brackets putting the verbs in Present Simple or Continuous.
2. We usually present our course-papers at the end of the term.
3. As for me, New Year’s Day is associated with getting a lot ofpresents.
4. Is anyone absent in your group today? – No, all are present.
Ex. 5. Match the expressions in the left column with the collocated expressions in the right column:
| to be admitted to | classes |
| to read for | lectures |
| to attend | seminars |
| to make | tutorials |
| to present | a report on |
| to pass | the university |
| to take | an examination |
| to fail | notes of a course-paper |
Make up your own sentences with the expressions.
Ex. 6. Make the right choice:
to take (exams), to pass (exams)
1. They say the History of Sociology is very difficult. Do you thinkyou’ll ...?
2. I ... my driving test first time.
3. I had to ... my driving test three times before I finally ....
4. I ... the entrance exams successfully and was admitted to theuniversity.
5. How many times did you have to ... this credit?
6. You can ... a credit only five times, then you’re going to beexpelled.
7. My folk say if I ... my exams successfully, they’ll buy me a car.
to take (notes), to make (notes)
1. ... a note of how much money you spend.
2. She ... good notes of everything that’s said in class.
3. Did you ... notes of the lecture? – Certainly. I missed the lecture,but I copied up the notes.
4. Are you prepared for the seminar? – I read the book and ... somenotes.
Ex. 7. Insert the correct preposition:
1. Tomorrow there’ll be a lecture ... the Sociology of Culture.
2. Who is going to lecture ... Applied Statistics in Sociology?
3. When are we going to have a seminar ... Methods of TeachingSociology – Next week.
4. I passed the exams well and was admitted ... this faculty.
5. How many students failed ... the test?
6. Each year we must present a course paper to our scientific adviser and make reports ... historical themes.
7. It’s a very tough job to read ... exams. It’s much easier to prepare ... exams.
8. The majority of students got satisfactory marks ... the test.
9. What do you usually do ... the lectures? – We take notes ... them.
Text 3
At the College
Read the text and say what subject the author made up his mind to study as his future speciality.
I began this academic session as a student of the Teachers’ Training College. I am in the History Faculty in my first year. It was only a week ago that I took my last examination. It was an English one in which I did very well.
So I passed all the exams successfully and was admitted to the college. Many applicants failed and some were admitted to the evening department.
When at school, I thought to enter the sciences, but then I changed my mind (изменить решение) and decided to take up history. I must say the first day at the college was unforgettable. We gathered in the Assembly Hall where the Rector congratulated us on the beginning of the session and wished us success (пожелать успеха) in our academic life. Then the Dean of the Faculty, Doctor of History took the floor
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