UNIT 2 INTRODUCTION INTO SOCIOLOGY 1 страница
Министерство образования Республики Беларусь
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«ГРОДНЕНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ ЯНКИ КУПАЛЫ»
ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÈÉ ßÇÛÊ
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Практикум для студентов специальности 1-230105 – «Социология»
Гродно
ГрГУ им. Я. Купалы 2011
УДК 811.111
ББК 81.432.1
Б86
Рецензенты:
Болдак И.А., кандидат филологических наук, доцент;
Куприна Р.Н., ст. преподаватель кафедры английского языкознания (Белорусский государственный университет).
Рекомендовано Советом филологического факультета ГрГУ им. Я. Купалы.
Бочкар, Т.П.
Английский язык для будущих социологов : практикум /
Б86 Т.П. Бочкар, Н.В. Бабок, Н.А. Левченко. – Гродно : ГрГУ, 2011. –
272 с.
ISBN 978-985-515-390-1
Практикум содержит обширный материал, способствующий овладению профессиональной лексикой, умению читать литературу по специальности. Практикум рассчитан как на аудиторную, так и на самостоятельную работу. Каждый из разделов практикума включает в себя ряд грамматических упражнений и текстовый материал. Некоторые упражнения нацелены на развитие навыков говорения, оценки информации. Предлагаются задания ситуативного характера для развития навыков диалогической речи. Адресуется студентам специальности
«Социология».
УДК 811.111
ББК 81.432.1
© Бочкар Т.П., Бабок Н.В., Левченко Н.А., 2011 © Учреждение образования
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«Гродненский государственный университет
ISBN 978-985-515-390-1 имени Янки Купалы», 2011
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Настоящий практикум предназначен для студентов специальности «Социология»; его цель – выработать у обучающихся умение читать литературу по специальности, обогатить запас профессиональной лексики наряду с усвоением грамматических правил английского языка. Практикум рассчитан как на аудиторную, так и на самостоятельную работу студентов; состоит из 6 разделов, каждый из которых включает в себя ряд грамматических упражнений и текстовый материал для обучения различным видам чтения: изучающего, ознакомительного, просмотрового, поискового, а также систему упражнений для работы с ними. Некоторые упражнения нацелены на развитие навыков говорения в виде сообщений, пересказов, подтверждения положений, оценки информации и т.д. Предлагаются также задания ситуативного характера для развития навыков диалогической речи.
Тексты подобраны по тематическому признаку, что способствует активизации лексики. Лексические упражнения обеспечивают эффективную повторяемость лексических единиц в пределах тематического комплекса.
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Грамматический материал включает общие сведения по темам и особые случаи употребления. Упражнения построены по принципу нарастания языковых трудностей (А, В, С) и предназначены для студентов с разным уровнем языковой подготовки.
Цель авторов – помочь студентам-социологам освежить знания по английскому языку, полученные в школе, освоить и закрепить грамматические явления, изучаемые в курсе английского языка высшей школы, а также расширить профессиональный кругозор студентов в сфере социологического исследования.
UNIT 1 MY STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY
CHOOSING A CAREER
Discuss the following questions in pairs:
Have you already made up your mind what you want to be? Do you know what skills you need for the job?
Vocabulary Drill
Ex. 1. Arrange the following words in the appropriate groups.
| Lawyer Architect Librarian Refuse collector Carpenter Engineer Tailor/dressmaker Plumber Hairdresser/barber | Firefighter Builder Cleaner Mechanic Vet Police officer Chef Designer Electrician | Dentist Priest Physiotherapist Accountant Civil servant Farmer Child-minder Scientist | ||||
| Jobs that require considerable training and / or qualification | Trades (skilled manual jobs) requiring on-the-job and other training | Unskilled jobs | ||||
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Model. Jobs that require considerable training and / or qualification are: a lawyer, etc.
Ex. 2. Who would you contact or call on in the situations below? Try to find the appropriate person for each situation.
1. A filling has come out of one of your back teeth.
2. You think your eyes need testing.
3. Your fringe is getting a bit too long.
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4. You want a portrait photograph of yourself.
5. You fancy a holiday in the sun.
6. Your grand piano isn’t sounding quite right.
7. You want to find a 400-year-old grandfather clock.
8. Your car won’t start.
9. You want to learn to drive.
10. You have decided to sell your house.
11. You want plans drawn up for a new house.
a) a dentist (dental surgeon)
b) a hairdresser (hair stylist)
c) an architect
d) a driving instructor
e) a (garage) mechanic
g) a photographer
h) an optician
i) an antique dealer
j) a travel agent
k) an estate agent
m) a piano tuner
n) a social worker
Model. If a filling has come out of one of my back teeth, I would contact / call on a dental surgeon.
Ex. 3. What jobs can be characterized in the following way?
Very boring very interesting
Very badly-paid very well-paid
Give opportunity to meet people give no opportunity to meet people Involve travelling don’t involve travelling Require special qualification manual Caring influencing people
Require using a computer don’t require using a computer
Involve the use of languages don’t require knowledge of languages
Monotonous varied
Involve living abroad don’t involve living abroad Low-status high-status
Require working indoors require working outdoors
Require wearing special uniform suggest wearing beautiful clothes
Model. – I think the jobs of a lawyer, a physiotherapist and a designer are very interesting.
– I don’t think so. In my opinion ... .– I agree. I also think that ... .
Ex. 4. What are the most important factors for you in choosing or keeping a job? Put the following factors in order of importance and then compare your list with that of your partner’s.
– good salary or wages
– interesting and varied work, not boring and monotonous
– work which is useful to society
– good working conditions
– flexible hours
– opportunities to meet people
– friendly considerate management and colleagues
– opportunities to travel
– long holidays
– job security
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– good career prospects
– bossing people
– dealing with children
– responsibility of your own
– working with nice people
– getting on with your boss
– the chance of promotion
– another factor
Model. The most important factor for me in choosing or keeping a job is ... . Secondly, it’s ... . Thirdly, it’s ... . Then come ..., ..., ..., etc. Ex. 5. Work in groups of three or four and make up a list of
a) jobs which can be described as:
| full-time | challenging |
| part-time | boring |
| 9 to 5 | tough |
| temporary | interesting |
| seasonal | well-paid |
| backbreaking | badly-paid |
demanding prestigious frustrating rewarding
b) jobs suitable for men and those for women.
Model. We are of opinion that the following jobs can be described as full-time. They are the jobs of a ..., a ..., etc.
We think that jobs suitable for men are ... . And those for women are ... .
Speech Activities Ex. 1. Which Job Is the Best?
Split into two teams. One team names a job and gives its attractions. The other team thinks of its drawbacks. Then the second team names a job and its attractions and the first team finds its drawbacks.
Model. – The job of a ... is (very) ... .
– But at the same time it is also (very) ... .
Ex. 2. Play a guess game.
One student thinks of a job, the others try to guess what the job is by using various job descriptions from the previous exercises.
Example: – Do you have to wear a uniform?
– Do you have flexible hours?
– Is this job challenging/well-paid etc?
Ex. 3. Say what the ideal job for you is and why.
Model. To my mind the ideal job for me is that of a ... because ... .
Ex. 4 A. Do you think your ideal job involves caring for people or having influence over them?
B. Individually, circle ‘True’ or ‘False’ to the statements below.
Then calculate your score.
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| True | False | |||
| I always consider other people’s opinions before making decisions. | A | C | |||
| I like working with statistics. | C | A | |||
| I never hesitate to help a colleague with his / her family problems. | A | C | |||
| I frequently forget where I leave things. | B | C | |||
| I rarely succeed in persuading others when I talk to them. | C | B | |||
| Most people think I can survive being insulted. | C | A | |||
| In a new group of people, I often feel anxious. | C | B | |||
| I rarely boast about my achievements. | A | C | |||
| Mundane tasks bore me. | B | C | |||
| The main aim in taking part in an activity is to win. | C | A | |||
| I am easily persuaded by the majority. | C | B | |||
| If I have a choice in the matter, I do things my way first. | C | A | |||
| Success in my job is very important to me. | B | C | |||
| I like tasks which demand a lot of physical and mental energy. | B | C | |||
| I frequently ask myself how I really feel. | A | C | |||
| I make sure people that upset me know they have. | C | B | |||
| Calculate your score: | A = Caring | ||||
| Total A answers ______ | B = Influencing | ||||
| Total B answers ______ | 0-4 very slight interest | ||||
| Ignore all C answers. | 5-12 average interest 13+ strong interest | ||||
If you have more A than B answers, you are more interested in caring for people than influencing them. If you have more B answers, you are interested in influencing people.
| Caring jobs | Influencing jobs | |
| Medical | Control | |
| doctor | armed forces | |
| dentist | police | |
| psychiatrist | prison officer | |
| health visitor radiographer | security guard | |
| other | Commercial sales representative | |
| Welfare social worker | retailer | |
| Managerial | ||
| Education | marketing manager / director | |
| speech therapist | property developer | |
| teacher | advertising executive | |
| lecturer | market researcher | |
C. Do the results of the test coincide with what you at firstthought?
Text 1
A Round Table Talk About Professions
Text A
Ex. 1. Match the English and Russian equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
Choosing a career is not an easy thing; to depend on; you would like to do; you will have to take special courses; a person has to make a decision; moreover; etc; to find out; a fire-fighter; to train specialists; unless; growth of society; a notary; a judge.
Нотариус; человек вынужден принять решение; вы бы хотели заниматься; зависеть от; развитие общества; готовить специалистов; выбрать профессию – довольно не легко; выяснить, узнать; вам придется прослушать специальные курсы; судья; кроме того, более того; если не; и так далее; пожарный.
Ex. 2. Read the first part of the text and choose the best title for it:
1. What a person can do after leaving school.
2. The most important decision a person has to make.
3. Future prospects.
Choosing a career is not an easy thing. It is one of the most difficult problems a young person faces after finishing school. Moreover, it is one of the most important decisions a person has to take in his or her life. Your future will depend on your choice. There are individuals, of course, who from the time they are six years old ‘know’ that they want to be doctors, or pilots, or fire fighters, but the majority of us can’t make a decision about an occupation or career when they leave school.
Choosing an occupation is really a very difficult problem. There are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You must consider all pros and cons[1] . You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or may find out that you will need to get some work experience[2] . Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most schools, there are teachers who can advise you and give detailed information about job qualifications[3] . And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen to you and offer suggestions.
The so-called aptitude-tests[4] as well as interviews with specialists, good advice on the part of your teachers, an example of your parents or relatives, documentaries about careers of great men, and what’s more important, your personal desire, self-evaluation is an important part of the decision-making process. There is another possibility to find the way in life: after finishing school any young person can start working and test himself if he is fit for the trade. Then you can go to a vocational college and to get the trade[5] of a medical nurse, a technologist, a cook, a computer operator, a hair-dresser, a fashion designer, a shop assistant, an accountant, a forester, a fire fighter, etc. But if you want to be a teacher, a psychologist, a doctor, an engineer, an economist, a journalist, a lawyer, an agronomist, a pilot or a scientist you have to enter this or that University (or Institute) that trains specialists in this field.
Text-based Activities
Ex. 1. Find in the text the nouns used in plural and read them out.
Ex. 2. Find in the text and read aloud the sentences where the verb(s) is (are) used in the Present Simple Tense. Ex. 3. Answer the questions:
1. What is the most difficult problem for a young person when heleaves school?
2. What things do you have to think about when choosing an occupation?
3. What should you do to qualify for a particular job?
4. Whom can you turn to for advice when making your decision?
5. Are there many young people who choose their profession inchildhood?
6. What other way can a person choose a profession?
7. What professions can you get in a vocational college (University)?
8. Why is it so important to be skilled in different professions?
9. Do you know what you want to be?
10. Have you got any career plans?
Text B
Read the second part of the text and say why work is so important in our society.
In our society work is almost a must for a person. So – unless you are very rich – you have to work if you want to be accepted by your friends, acquaintances and neighbours. That is the reason why some unemployed persons pretend that they still have a job, they cannot admit even to their family that they are out of work.
An unemployed person often feels unwanted and useless.
If I could choose my job freely this job would have to meet some of the following qualifications:
1) The most important condition would be that I liked my work,that it gave satisfaction.
2) This job should pay well enough. I don’t really want to becomea millionaire but I would not reject a certain luxury.
3) In this job I would like to work with other people and not justthings.
So I want a job that satisfies, that pays fairly well and lets me work together with people.
Answer the questions:
1. Why does a person have to work?
2. What problems does an unemployed person have?
3. What are the most important job qualifications for this person?
4. What is the most important job qualification for you?
Text C
Read the third part of the text and name the professions that were mentioned.
Now let’s have a round table and talk about different professions and jobs. A person taking part in our talk will give reasons why he (she) wants to choose this or that profession.
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