UNIT 2 INTRODUCTION INTO SOCIOLOGY 4 страница
Model. When I’m in my 1st year, I’ll study the History of Sociology and the Introduction into Sociology.
Ex. 6. Make up an oral presentation about your studies at the university. Make use of the following plan.
1. Introduce yourself.
2. Say a few words about your university: say what it is called,speak about its faculties and their specializations.
3. Speak about your entrance exams. Say how well you passed them.
4. Describe your first day at the university.
5. Speak about your studies at the university (how they are organized, what subjects you study etc.).
6. Say what future perspectives the profession of a sociologist provides you with (what kind of science sociology is, what kind of profession/job it is, what opportunities it gives you).
Here is the list of words you have learnt so far:
an academic session (year) to make a report (on)
a college to read (prepare) for an exam
studies to get an excellent (good, satisfactory
Dean bad) mark in (for)
the Dean's office after (before) classes a lecture (on) classes finish (are over)
to lecture (in) to work at (one's English, history,
a lecturer a problem)
a lecture room to make/take notes (of) a term (semester) to do one's homework (lessons)
a term (course)-paper in class a credit-test Hallo! a theme It’s nice to see you. archaeology (I am) glad to meet you. sources and literature How are you?
a department to be well
a foreign language by the way a gym I wonder why.
a hostel (dormitory) a roommate
a canteen a classmate to take (pass) an examination (in) No wonder. to be admitted to Good for him!
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to fail (in) the examination to get through one’s exam
to attend classes (lectures, seminars, tutorials) I was most fortunate a seminar (on/in) You don’t say so! to miss classes For shame! to have a history class (a Latin class) It serves you right. to present a course (term)-paper reason
to be frank with you in general normally (generally) a hot dish juice to be hungry to be thirsty to have a bite to take something for (breakfast) A full-time student a monitor an applicant A part-time student a student membership card a high academic degree Entrance exams a student record book a rector a vice-rector A professor a student library card a dean a subdean Junior
Senior
Associate professor
Assistant professor
Timetable
Curriculum
To cheat
Finals
A crib
To cram
A postgraduate
To graduate with honours
Graduation dissertation To play truant the History of Sociology Applied Statistics in Sociology the Introduction into Sociology the Sociology of Marriage and Family the Sociology of Education Methods of Sociological Research the Sociology of Governing the Sociology of Labour Theoretical Sociology Sociological National Schools the Sociology of the Cinema Methods of Teaching Sociology the Sociology of the Personality the Sociology of Science the Sociology of Politics the Sociology of Economics the Sociology of Conflict the Sociology of Youngsters the Sociology of Advertising the Sociology of Culture Gender Sociology the Sociology of Public Relations the Sociology of the City the Sociology of Mass Media and communication
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
Present Forms A.
І. The verb “to be” in the Present Simple Tense Ex. 1. Put in am, is or are.
1. The sky is very blue today. 2. I ______ not tired. 3. This shelf ______ very heavy. 4. These shelves______ very heavy. 5. The child _____ sleep. 6. Look! This ______ Mabel. 7. I ______ cold. Can you shut the window, please? 8. The castle ______ one thousand years old. 9. My brother and I ______ good tennis players. 10. Amy______ at home but her parents ______ in church.
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11. I ______ a student. 12. My sister ______ an archeologist.
Ex. 2. Write full sentences. Use am / is / are each time.
1. (my grandparents / very old) My grandparents are very old.
2. (my desk / very comfortable) ________________________
3. (your spectacles/ in your bag) ________________________
4. (I / not very clever today) ________________________
5. (this house/ very expensive) ________________________
6. (the shops / not open today) ________________________
7. (Mr. Wren's grandson / six years old)___________________
8. (the houses in this street/ very big) ___________________
9. (the examination / not difficult) _______________________10. (those flowers / very beautiful)_______________________
Ex. 3. Write positive or negative sentences. Use am /am not / is / isn’t / are / aren’t.
1. (Brussels...the capital of Belgium) Brussels is the capital of Belgium.
2. (I...interested in hockey) I’m not interested in hockey.
3. (I...angry) __________________________
4. (It...cold today)______________________
5. (The Hague...in Switzerland)___________
6. (I...afraid of dogs)____________________
7. (My hands...dirty) ____________________
8. (Russia...a very big country) ____________
9. (The Amur...in Europe)________________
10. (Diamonds...cheap)__________________
11.(Motor-racing... a dangerous sport)_______
12. (Squirrels...big animals)_______________
Ex. 4. Write questions with What/ Who / How / Where / Why...?
Use am / is /are.
1. (What colour your house?) What colour is your house?
2. (Where my key?)_____________________________?
3. (Where my trousers?)__________________________?
4. (How old your grandmother?)____________________?
5. (What colour his hair?)_________________________?
6. (How much these shoes?)_______________________?
7. (Who your favourite actor?) _____________________?8. (Why you always late?)_________________________? Ex. 5. Ask questions. (Read the answers to the questions first)
1. (his name?) What’s his name?
Robert.
2. (single or married?) Are you single or married? I’m single.
3. (British?) _____________________________ No, I’m not.
4. (where / from?) ________________________ From Australia.
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5. (how old?) _____________________________I’m 18.
6. (a student?)_____________________________No, I’m a secretary.
7. (your mother a teacher?)__________________No, she’s a lawyer.
8. (where/from?)___________________________
She’s Italian.
9. (her name?)____________________________Rachel.
10. (how old?)____________________________ She’s 40.
ІІ. The verb “to have” in the Present Simple Tense.
Ex. 1. Put in have got (’ve got), has got (’s got), haven’t got or hasn’t got.
1. They like flowers. They___ a lot of roses in their garden.
2. Jane ______ a car. She goes everywhere by bicycle.
3. Everybody likes Tom. He ___a lot of friends.
4. Mr. and Mrs. Eastwood ___ two children, a boy and a girl.
5. An insect _____ six legs.
6. I can’t open the door. I ______ a key.
7. Quick! Hurry! We ______ much time.
8. “What’s wrong?” – “I _____ something in my eye”.
9. Ben doesn’t read much. He _____ many books.
10. It’s a nice town. It _____ a very nice shopping centre.
11. Mother is going to the dentist. She _____ toothache.
12. “Where’s my newspaper?” – “I don’t know. I______ it”.
13. Julia wants to go on holiday but she ______ any money.
14. I’m not going to work today. I ______ a bad cold.
Ex. 2. Write questions.
1. (you/ a bicycle?) Have you got a bicycle?
2. (you/ a VCR?) _____________________
3. (your father/a car?) _________________
4. (Carol/many friends?) _______________
5. (Mr. and Mrs. Lewis/any children?) ____
6. (how much money/you?) _____________
7. (what kind of car/John?) _____________ІІІ. The Simple Present Tense.
Ex. 1. Write the he/she/it forms.
| catch run stand drink write push come cook fetch fix watch miss read touch live smoke wish start |
+ -s comes ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
_____ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
+ -es catches ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
Ex. 2. Write the following sentences in the 3rd person singular.
1. I think I am ill. 2. They often visit their granny. 3. We live in Leeds. 4. You usually speak too quickly. 5. Do you like boiled potatoes? 6. Good animals always obey their masters. 7. The boys box in the gymnasium on Fridays. 8. His dogs always attack the neighbours. 9. Heavy trucks make a lot of noise.
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Ex. 3. Choose the correct answers.
Pattern: We/My friend always wear old clothes. You /John always wears nice clothes.
1. We all / The boss thinks you’re wonderful.
2. I /Catherine want a new job.
3. Bread / Books costs a lot.
4. Andy / Andy and Pete sings very well.
5. Mary / Mary and Ian like parties.
6. You / She drive too fast.
7. Our cat / Our cats never catches mice.
8. That child / Children makes a lot of noise.
9. That bus / All those buses go to the station. 10. My father / My mother and father teaches
Ex. 4. Change the following sentences into general questions:
Pattern: He makes testing at the laboratory. Does he make testing at the laboratory?
1. He applies the new method for his investigation.
2. The subject compares the cards.
3. The psychologist rejects this idea.
4. She often works at the psychological laboratory.
5. The scientist applies new devices.
6. The investigator uses testing in his research.
7. He considers them to be right.
8. She gives instructions to the students.
9. He gradually achieves good progress in his studies.
10. She denies such hasty conclusions.
Ex. 5. Make the following sentences negative:
Pattern: I consider him to be right. I don’t consider him to be right.
1. I reject his position.
2. I make proper conclusions.
3. I apply his method for my experiments.
4. I specialize in engineering psychology.
5. I study the problem of group dynamics.
6. I compare the experimental data.
7. I use the latest data in my research..
8. I deny their approach.
9. I give instructions to the subjects.
10. I achieve good results on the basis of his method.
Do you know all these question words? what when where who why how how much how many what time
What do you think? (not What think you?) Where does Lucy live?
(not Where lives Lucy?)
How much does this cost? (not How much this costs?)
What time does the train leave? (not What time the train leaves?) Ex. 6. Choose the correct subject.
Pattern: How much does the ticket cost? (the ticket /the tickets)
1. Where do___________live? (your daughter / your children)
2. What time does_________start? (the lesson / the lessons)
3. What do________want? (you / the girl)
4. When does________finish? (the holidays / the holiday)
5. Why do________talk so fast? (that woman / those women)
6. What do_________think of the new boss? (you / she) Ex. 7. Make questions.
Pattern: Where / she live? Where does she live?
1. What / you want? _______________________
2. What / this word mean?___________________
3. What time / the film start?_________________
4. How much / those shoes cost?______________
5. Why / she need money? __________________
6. How / this camera work? _________________
7. Where / you buy your meat? _______________8. Who / you want to see? ___________________
Be careful when questions have long subjects – the word order does not change.
Where does Ann live?
Where does your other sister live?
Where does your sister's old English teacher live?
(not Where lives your sister's old English teacher? or Where docs live your...)
Ex. 8. Make questions.
Pattern: The President and his wife live in Madrid, Where do the President and his wife live?
1. Peter and Ann’s children play football on Saturdays.When _______________
2. The film about skiing in New Zealand starts at 8.00. What time ____________
3. The second word in the first sentence means ‘kind’.What ________________
4. The man in the flat downstairs wants to change his job.Why ________________
5. A ticket for Saturday’s concert costs €15. How much ___________ B.
Ex. 1. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Indefinite.
1. Oscar Wilde and Bernard Shaw (be) the most witty British writers.
2. Fishermen often (tell) tales about their catches.
3. Their children (go) to a private school.
4. Little Amanda (collect) all sorts of toy-pigs.
5. My father (like) a lot of milk in his tea and a few lumps of sugar.
6. Anything that he (say) (be) worth listening to.
7. We usually (spend) our holidays in Spain.
8. My English friends (live) in a nice house that (stand) on a hillthat (overlook) lake Winder-mere which (be) in the Lake District.
9. What this sentence (mean)?
10. I (live) in Tver, which (be) my native town.
11. My brother (sing) in Italian opera.
12. My sister (have) a good appetite and she always (eat) heartily.
13. Let’s go outside. It (be) terribly hot in the house.
14. What you (see) over there?
15. In England the traffic (keep) to the left but on the Continent it(keep) to the right.
16. This map (be) the largest that we (have).
17. They often (come) to see me in my town house.
18. The twittering of birds in the trees in spring (be) a pleasantsound.
Ex. 2. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.
Pattern: The lecture begins at 10 o’clock.
How many languages do you speak (you/speak)?
1. What time___________ (the museums/open) in St. – Petersburg?
2. I have a bike but I _________________(not/use) it very often.
3. How many cups of tea ______________(you/drink) a day?
4. “What ____________(you/do)?” – “I am a chemical engineer”.
5. “Where (your father/come) from?” – “He (come) from Minsk”.
6. If you need help, why_________________ (you/not/ask) for it?
7. I_______________ (play) the guitar, but I (not/play) very well.
8. I don’t understand the word “maintain”. What “maintain”___________ (mean)?
Ex. 3. Expand the following into sentences in order to make true statements with doesn’t or don’t where necessary.
Pattern: Water boils at 100 °C. Rice doesn’t grow on trees.
1) water / boil / at 100 °C.
2) nice / grow / on trees.
3) chicks / hatch / from eggs
4) kangaroos / live / in Spain
5) plants / need / water to grow
6) rain / fall / from clouds
7) astronauts / travel / in submarines
8) cows / lay / eggs
9) pandas / live / in Italy
10) elephants / eat / meat
11) fish / walk / on land
12) the sun / set / in the east
13) bees / give milk
14) caterpillars / turn / into butterflies
15) wool / come / from sheep
Ex. 4. This time you have to read some sentences and correct them. The English is correct but the information is wrong. Write two correct sentences each time.
Pattern: The sun goes round the earth. The sun doesn’t go round the earth.
The earth goes round the sun.
1. The sun rises in the west. __________________________
2. Mice catch cats.__________________________________
3. Carpenters make things from metal.___________________
4. The River Amazon flows into the Pacific Ocean._________
Ex. 5. Now you have to use these sentences to make questions. Begin your question with the word(s) in brackets.
Pattern: Tom plays tennis. (How often?) How often does Tom play tennis?
I get up in the morning. (What time/usually?) What time do you usually get up?
1. Ann watches television. (How often?) _________________
2. I write to my parents. (How often?) ___________________
3. I have dinner in the evening? (What time/usually?) _______
4. Tom works. (Where?) ______________________________
5. I go to the cinema. (How often?) ______________________
6. People do stupid things. (Why?) ______________________
7. The car breaks down. (How often?) ___________________
Present Continuous A.
Ex. 1. Make present progressive sentences.
Pattern: Ann / read / the newspaper? Ann is reading the newspaper.
1. The baby / cry / again. _________________
2. It / snow / again. ______________________
3. You / look / very beautiful today. _________
4. Your coffee / get / cold. _________________
5. I / play / a lot of football this year. _________
6. We / wait / for a phone call. __________________________
7. Chris and Helen / spend / a week in France. _____________
8. The students / make an experiment. ___________________
9. John / interview the subjects. _________________________
10. They / watch the testing process. _____________________
11. Mary /solve a problem. ____________________________
12. She / register the students’ answers. __________________
13. The student / copy the experimental data. ______________
14. The subject / perform a task. ________________________
15. The scientist / compare the data. _____________________16. He / investigate sense-data. _________________________ Ex. 2. Make present continuous negative sentences.
Pattern: Mother is talking on the phone. (sleep) She isn’t sleeping.
1. John is standing. (lie down) _________________________
2. Father is shaving. (wash) _________________________
3. The boys are playing. (fight) _________________________
4. We are dancing. (jump) _________________________
5. They are speaking. (shout) _________________________
6. Mary is running. (walk) _________________________
7. I am eating. (drink) _________________________ 8. The teacher is speaking. (read)_________________________ Ex. 3. Answer the questions using the words in brackets.
Pattern: Are you drawing? (write a story) – No. I’m not. I’m writing a story.
1. Is he writing a letter? (watch television)___________________
2. Are you reading Byron's poems? (learn them by heart)_______
3. Is Dad smoking in his study? (read a newspaper)____________
4. Are they listening to the radio? (talk with a friend)__________
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