ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ В ПЕРЕВОДЕ
Упражнение 1 Переведите предложения на русский язык.
PASSIVE VOICE
Model 1
High investment is associated with rapid growth of demand.
Высокий уровень капиталовложение связан с быстрым повышением спроса.
1 Economists are interested in the overall level of investment for two basic reasons.
2 The weapons of Keynesian demand management are taxation, government spending, interest rates, to a lesser extent, controls on bank lending. The first two weapons are referred to as fiscal policy, whereas the last two weapons are referred to as monetary policy.
3 Venture capital is often associated with two developments of recent decades - management buyouts and management buyins.
4 Decentralized purchasing means that considerable discretion is given to departments.
5 Statistical quality control is based on the assumption that perfect quality is unattainable and or too expensive.
6 High stock levels mean that excess capital is tied up in an unproductive manner.
7 Much of the European Commission's activity is carried out at a technical level in Committees, and the Commission is with some justification accused of excessive secrecy.
1 Earnings trends were influenced by exchange rates during the year.
2 Foreign exchange prices are influenced by economic and political events and sometimes by the speculation of individual traders.
3 Bureaucrats do not understand the quasi-automatic system of the market. They are always disturbed by it.
4 Aggregate demand is the powerful economic signal that stimulates production of goods that truly are wanted by a significant number of individual people.
5 There is no doubt that external sources of inflationary tension are followed by or in some cases supplemented by a certain number of internal factors.
6 The transition period was hindered by a crumbling infrastructure, rising unemployment and hyperinflation.
7 In its simplest form, monetarism can be traced back to ancient tunes.
1 Pension protection should be guaranteed to workers who are transferred from public to private employment, e.g. through outsourcing.
2 Anderson’s freeconomics thesis is that more and more goods and services are being provided for free and that those businesses that fail to follow suit are likely to go to the wall.
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3 Risk is a basic feature of business life. The future is uncertain and business decisions are made in the absence of perfect knowledge of the future course of events.
4 As incomes are earned from contributing to production, national income is logically equal to national output.
5 For the short- and long-term health of the economy, investment is seen as being of crucial importance.
Упражнение 2. Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова. Переведите предложения .
Working hours and time off work
allowed time - clock off - core time - double time - fixed hours - Flexible Work Regulations - flexileader - flexilagger - flexitime ---- full-time - graveyard shift - homeworking - job rotation ----job-share --- overtime ---- part-time ---- roster - rotating shifts - shift differentials - shift transfer - time and a half ---- time-keeping ---- time sheet ---- twilight shift --- unsocial hours ----work-life balance
1.______is the fact of being on time for work (for example, 'He was reprimanded for bad .______)
2. .______is paid time which the management agrees an employee can spend on rest, cleaning or
meals, not working.
3. .______is a form of employment in which two or more people do a single job or take on a specific role within a company, each person working part-time.
4. .______is a short form of the expression flexible time.
5. A company or organisation that puts a lot of emphasis on flexibility in its employment practices is known informally as a.______
6. A company or organisation that puts too little emphasis on flexibility in its working practices is known informally as a .______
7. An employee who works.______works at times such as in the evening, at night or during public
holidays when most people are not at work.
8. Employees who work.______work for the normal working time (i.e. about 8 hours a day 5 days
a week).
9. Employees who work.______do not work for the whole working week (for example, they might
only work 4 hours a day instead of 8).
10. A time for which work is paid at twice the normal rate (for example, at weekends or on public
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holidays) is called.______.
11. .______is the normal rate of pay plus 50% extra (for example, when an employee does overtime
or works evenings).
12. Hours worked more than the normal working hours are called.______.
13. .______is a period when employees working under a flexible time system must be present at work.
14. The act of changing an employee's shift or working hours is called.______.
15 If a company does not operate a flexible time system, we say that the employees work.______
hours.
16. .______refers to a system where employees take turns in working different shifts.
17. The.______is an informal expression for the night shift.
18. .______is a working method where employees work at home (usually on computer terminals),
and send the finished material back to the office by email.
19. A duty .______is a list of times showing when each employee is on duty at those times.
20. When you record the time you leave work by putting a card into a special machine, you.______.
21. A.______is a record of when employees arrive at and leave work, or one which shows how
much time an employee spends on different jobs each day.
22. In Britain, parents who have children under 6, or disabled children under 18, have a legal right to have their working hours arranged to help them with their responsibilities. This right is known as.______
23. The ability to devote a sensible amount of time to doing your job, making sure that you have
enough time left over to do other things (for example, spend time with your family) is referred to as.______.
24. .______ are payments made to an employee in addition to their basic pay to compensate them
for the inconvenience of the pattern of shift work.
25. The.______is another name for the evening shift, just before it gets dark.
26. When an employee is moved systematically from one job to another, this is known as.______.
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