Unconscious Mind as a Subject of the Conference Discussion
Last year in November, there was an International Conference on Psychology in Kyiv on a basic of Institution of Practical Psychology. Many prominent Ukrainian psychologists took part in it. In the end of the meeting, there was a live discussion on the actual subject of unconscious mind.
It is well-known that the unconscious mind (or the unconscious) consists of the processes in the mind that occur automatically and are not available to introspection, and include thought processes, memory, affect, and motivation. Even though these processes exist well under the surface of conscious awareness, they have an impact on behavior. The term was coined by the 18th-century German Romantic philosopher Friedrich Schelling and later introduced into English by the poet and essayist Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The concept was developed and popularized by the Austrian neurologist and psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. Empirical evidence suggests that unconscious phenomena include hidden feelings, automatic skills, subliminal perceptions, thoughts, habits, and automatic reactions, and possibly complexes, hidden phobias and desires. In psychoanalytic theory, unconscious processes are understood to be expressed in dreams in a symbolical form, as well as in slips of the tongue and jokes. Thus the unconscious mind can be seen as the source of dreams and automatic thoughts (those that appear without any apparent cause), the repository of forgotten memories (that may still be accessible to consciousness later), and the locus of implicit knowledge (the things that we have learned so well that we do them without thinking).
It has been argued that consciousness is influenced by other parts of the mind. These include unconsciousness as a personal habit being unaware, and intuition. Some critics have doubted the existence of the unconscious.
Ex1. Find more information relating to subject.
Ex 2. Make up a plan of the text. Retell the text according to the plan.
Література:
1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповненею – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.
2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.
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3. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. Інозем. Філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.
4. Бессонова І. В. Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням). Навчальний посібник для дистанційного навчання. – К.: Університет «Україна», 2005. – 263с.
Практичне заняття 2
Тема: У ресторані (кафе).
1.Task: read the text; translate, be ready to answer the questions and retell the text
Eating Out Table Manners
Table manners are very important in any community. They are the rules of conduct during the intake of meals. They also include the appropriate use of utensils. Of course, table manners vary from culture to culture. For example, in China, if you want some more tea, you should top everyone else off before you can pour more into your cup. European people prefer holding a fork in their left hand, tines downward. However, there are still some basic rules of etiquette that apply nearly to every country. Here are some of them. It is not polite to slurp when eating a soup. Having your elbows on the dining table is not a good idea, especially if you are someone’s guest. Being on time is a sign of good manners, however in some countries it is less strict than in others. Most main dishes are eaten with fork and knife, although some meat dishes in certain countries are eaten with fingers. Nobody likes when people talk with a stuffed mouth full of food. So, it’s better to get rid of that bad habit. It is also impolite to make rude comments on the food you are treated. Saying thank you when you are served something is habitual. It shows respect and appreciation. Chewing with a closed mouth is also good table manners, as well as using a napkin. Whenever you want to reach something that is placed far from you, better ask someone to pass it. When you are invited by others to dine in their house or restaurant, always thank the host and tell them how much you enjoyed the meal. There are many other rules of cuisine and table manners in the civilized world, but these are some of the basic ones.
2. Task: read the text; translate, be ready to answer the questions and retell the text
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