Тема 5 Kinds of law in the United States
Упражнение 2. 1 – D; 2 – A; 3 – C; 4 – B.
Упражнение 3. 1 – E; 2 – D; 3 – G; 4 – L; 5 – C; 6 – J; 7 – B; 8 – K; 9 – A; 10 – F; 11 – I; 12 – H.
Упражнение 4. 1. The differences among legal systems exist because each of the original 13 states was previously sovereign;
2. The US law consists of the constitutions of the United States and of the 50 states, and charters or constitutions for cities or counties, the statutes enacted by elected representatives, Administrative law, and Case law;
3. The federal and state constitutions allocate powers between the people and their governments, between state governments and the federal government, and among the branches of the governments;
4. Yes, they can. Like statutes, the regulations can be reviewed by courts to determine whether they are constitutional;
5. This doctrine requires that once case law is established, it must be followed by lower courts in other similar cases.
Упражнение 5. 1 – suspected; 2 – evidence; 3 – arrested; 4 – accused; 5 – tried; 6 – guilty; 7 – convicted; 8 – sentenced; 9 – put.
Упражнение 6. 1 – for, been; 2 – to; 3 – of, to; 4 – many; 5 – to; 6 – it; 7 – have, whole; 9 – a, you.
Упражнение 7. 1 Does he always make sure his car is securely locked? Does he always make sure his car is securely locked or not? He always makes sure his car is securely locked, doesn’t he?
What does he always make sure of?
Who always makes sure his car is securely locked?
2. Did Helen decide to hire a body-guard?
Did Helen decide to hire a body-guard or not?
Helen decided to hire a body-guard, didn’t she?
Who did Helen decide to hire?
Who decided to hire a body-guard?
3. Did the policeman advise him to fit an alarm system?
Did the policeman or his friend advise him to fit an alarm system?
The policeman advised him to fit an alarm system, didn’t he?
What did the policeman advise him to do?
Who advised him to fit an alarm system?
4. Does Claudine never park her car in an unattended car park?
Does Claudine never park her car in an unattended car park or not?
Claudine never parks her car in an unattended car park, does she?
Where does Claudine never park her car?
Who never pars the car in an unattended car park?
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Упражнение 8. 1 – to; 2 – of; 3 – with; 4 – on, to, in; 5 – from; 6 – of.
Упражнение 9.
| CRIME | CRIMINAL | VERB |
| shoplifting | a shoplifter | to shoplift |
| rape | a rapist | to rape |
| smuggling | a smuggler | to smuggle |
| theft | a thief | to steal |
| kidnapping | a kidnapper | to kidnap |
| robbery | a robber | to rob |
| burglary | a burglar | to burgle |
| murder | a murderer | to murder |
| arson | an arsonist | to set fire to |
| blackmail | a blackmailer | to blackmail |
| forgery | a forger | to forge |
| terrorism | a terrorist | to terrorise |
| drug-trafficking | a drug-trafficker | to traffic in drugs |
| assault | an attacker/ assailant | to assault |
| pickpocketing | a pickpocket | to pickpocket |
| mugging | a mugger | to mug |
Упражнение 10. 1. If the accused is convicted of the crime, for example murder, the sentence may be at least ten years in prison.
2. The jury must decide if the accused is guilty or innocent.
3. In Britain it is against the law to drive a car without insurance.
4. In order to reach their decision, the jury must listen carefully to all the evidence. 5. He has never broken the law and committed a crime. He has been in trouble with the police once before, but it was only a minor offence.
6. You will have to pay a fine, if you park illegally.
7. The police knew it would be difficult to prove in court that the man was guilty and had committed that crime.
Тема 6 Punishment
Упражнение 2. A lie-detector ( polygraph), physical torture, solitary confinement, to deprive of sleep, to settle the disagreement, a reliable and safe way, eye contact, to appear under stress, an innocent person, to mislead the questioner, to face with a serious accusation, to reveal the truth, false confessions.
Упражнение 3. 1. In my opinion it is true that King Solomon was renowned for his wisdom because one of the best-known and cleverest solutions was used by him in ancient times.
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2. I’m afraid it is false that the polygraph is used to detect hidden documents because this device is used to record physical symptoms of a person who is telling the truth or a lie.
3. I’m afraid it is false that the problem of distinguishing between lies and truth has been solved because many people can easily mislead their questioners.
Упражнение 4. 1 – D; 2 – A; 3 – B; 4 – C; 5 – A; 6 – D; 7 – C.
Упражнение 5. 1 – in; 2 – to; 3 – under; 4 – of; 5 – with; 6 – in; 7 – in; 8 – before; 9 – of.
Упражнение 6. 1 – had been sent (Passive); 2 – had been labeled/ was labeled (Passive); 3 – arrived (Active); 4 – have been having (Active); 5 – have already been shown (Passive); 6 – am treated/ am being treated (Passive); 7 – was introduced (Passive); 8 – are woken up (Passive); 9 – were even given (Passive); 10 – was taken (Passive); 11 – were welcomed (Passive); 12 – explained (Active); 13 – went (Active) ; 14 – were given (Passive); 15 – had (Active); 16 – checked (Active); 17 – were leaving (Active); 18 – were handed (Passive); 19 – were told (Passive); 20 – were taken; 21 – will be put (passive); 22 – will be told (Passive); 23 – will be given (Passive).
Упражнение 7. 1 – arrested; 2 – charged with; 3 – trial; 4 – prosecutor; 5 – evidence; 6 – gang; 7 – jury; 8 – convicted; 9 – sentenced; 10 – prison; 11 – bars.
Упражнение 8. 2 – the;3 – a; 5 – one; 7 – as; 8 – it; 9 – have; 10 – up; 12 – to; 14 – the; 16 – of.
Упражнение 9. 1 – C; 2 – A; 3 – B; 4 – C; 5 – D; 6 – C; 7 – A; 8 – C; 9 – B; 10 – D; 11 – A; 12 – A; 13 – D; 14 – C; 15 – B.
Упражнение 10. 1 – practically; 2 – if; 3 – it; 4 – within; 5 – which; 6 – seeing; 7 – deal; 8 – due; 9 – placed; 10 – up; 11 – make; 12 – only; 13 – them; 14 – accustomed; 15 – twice.
Упражнение 11. 1.Charlotte Henderson could have committed the crime because she expected to be awarded very little money in the divorce case. However, she has an alibi as she was at the home of Henderson’s lawyer at the time of the murder.
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2. Henderson’s nephew must have committed the crime as his uncle had threatened to leave him out of his will. But he had no keys for the mansion, Claudine must have let him in, as he had an affair with her. Both of them have lied to the police.
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