THERE IS NO BAD WEATHER, THERE ARE BAD CLOTHES
Englishmen say “There is no bad weather, there are bad clothes”, It means that they like all the seasons, all kinds of weather. Every season is good in its own way. Each person likes this or that season. It depends on his character, mood. They say that Pushkin liked autumn very much. This season is full of colours, bright and tasty. The sky is blue, but sometimes grey clouds appear. The sun shines but it begins to hide behind the clouds. Its rays are not so warm. Autumn is full of vegetables and fruit, mushrooms and berries. There is nothing like Indian summer in autumn. As for me, I like to walk on the carpet of bright leaves listen to the last songs of birds flying to warm countries, look at the nature. It is like a fairy-tale. It fades away and nothing can be done. Soon drizzling rains will begin and everything will be dull and sad. But still I like autumn.
Winter in Usinsk is long and severe with dark nights, bitter wings and hard frosts. Even sometimes you can see a quiet winter frosty day. It is snowing. Fluffy soft snowflakes are falling to the ground making a beautiful thick carpet. The icicles glitter in the sun the snow sparkles like diamond. Going outdoors in such weather is pleasant. Many people go to the forests and enjoy sledging and skiing, playing snowballs and making a snowman.
As for spring, people in Usinsk long for it and dream about it during long winter days. It comes late but suddenly. I don’t like it because my town becomes grey. But spring is the beginning of new life. Nature awakens from its long winter sleep. The trees begin to bud and soon tiny green leaves will appear. Young green grass appear, fruit trees begin to blossom. Everything looks magic covered with green carpet. Nature looks full of promise.
I like summer because we have holiday and enjoy resting after school year.
In my opinion every season is beautiful and attractive. As one famous poet said:“I see no reason to speak in prize of any season”.
Thinking and feeling.
Felling is what makes a human being human. It is to satisfy our emotions and values that we arrange our actions.
Feelings are a sort of actions. Thinking should never attempt to be a substitute for feeling. The job of thinking is to clarify and arrange perception.
In practice it is extremely difficult to think first and feel second.
The very first step in teaching thinking must be to provide a bypass to this instant judgement by requiring the thinker to direct attention to all the interesting points in the situation. In addition to his natural feelings he directs attention to the other aspects.
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We trust our feelings because we cannot see how they can be wrong. Feelings are, indeed, always right but within the universe created by our perception at the time.
Чувства – это то, что делает человека человеком. Это на столько удовлетворяет наши эмоции и ценности, что управляет нашими действиями.
Чувства – вид деятельности. Мышление никогда не должны пытаться быть заменой для чувств. Задача мышления - прояснить и организовать восприятие.
На практике действительно сложно сперва думать, а потом чувствовать.
Самый первый шаг в обучении мышлению требует обратить внимание на все важные моменты ситуации. В дополнении к его естественному чувству он обращает внимание и на другие аспекты.
Мы доверяем нашим чувствам потом,у что не представляем, как это они могут быть ошибочными. Чувства действительно всегда настоящие, но в пределах мира, созданного нашим восприятием на данным момент времени.
Tourism
People like travelling. It broadens the mind and makes people happy. They make new friends, learn more about foreign cultures and visit different places of interest. Some sights really excite, for example, the Eiffel Tower or the Great Wall of China. Nowadays people have many opportunities to travel. It takes the little time to get some place. Fast and comfortable planes, cars and ships make it possible to have a good time while travelling. People can choose a hotel and book tickets on the Internet. If people lost in the city, they can find a way on the Internet, too. It saves much time.
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There are many ways of travelling. One of the most popular ways of travelling is a hiking trip. Hiking trip means a walking tour of short duration. As a rule, it is a particular route. It can be an excursion with a guide or just walking on your own.
Nowadays it is popular to travel around the world. Some people who have a thirst for adventure arrange their own round-the-world route. They visit many countries and almost all continents. I think it is very interesting and exciting but a bit dangerous.
Some people like shopping tour. It means that they visit popular and famous shopping centres in different countries. Of course, it is popular with women though some men also like shopping tours.
I think travelling allows people to gain wonderful and unique experience.
Люди любят путешествовать. Это расширяет кругозор и делает людей счастливыми. Они находят новых друзей, больше узнают об иностранных культурах и посещают различные достопримечательности. Некоторые достопримечательности действительно восхищают, например, Эйфелева башня или Великая Китайская стена. В наши дни у людей много возможностей путешествовать. Чтобы добраться куда-то нужно совсем немного времени. Быстрые и удобные самолеты, автомобили и корабли позволяют хорошо провести время во время путешествия. Люди могут выбрать отель и забронировать билеты в Интернете. Если люди потерялись в городе, они также могут найти дорогу в Интернете. Это экономит много времени.
Существует много способов путешествовать. Одним из самых популярных способов путешествий является поход. Пеший туризм представляет собой короткую пешую прогулку. Как правило, существует определенный маршрут. Это может быть экскурсия с гидом или просто самостоятельная прогулка.
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В наши дни популярно путешествовать по всему миру. Некоторые люди, которые жаждут приключений, организуют свой собственный кругосветный маршрут. Они посещают многие страны и бывают почти на всех континентах. Я думаю, что это очень интересно и захватывающе, но немного опасно.
Некоторые люди любят совершать поездки за покупками. Это означает, что они посещают популярные и знаменитые торговые центры в разных странах. Конечно, это популярно среди женщин, хотя некоторые мужчины также любят такие поездки.
Я думаю, что путешествие позволяет людям получить замечательный и уникальный опыт.
TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS
Almost every nation has a reputation of some kind. The English are reputed to be cold, reserved, rather haughty people. They are steady, easy-going and fond of sports. There are certain kinds of behavior, manners and customs which are peculiar to England.
The English are naturally polite and are never tired of saying “ Thank you ” and “ I am sorry ”. They are generally disciplined, you never hear loud talk in the street. They don’t rush for seats in buses and trains, but they take their seats in queues at bus stops. English people do not shake hands when meeting one another, they do not show their emotions even in tragic situations. They seem to remain good-tempered and cheerful under difficulties.
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The English are a nation of stay-at-homes. There is no place like home. The Englishman says “ My house is my castle ” because he doesn’t wish his doings to be overlooked by his neighbours. It is true that English people prefer small houses, built for one family. The fire is the focus of the English Home. Other nations go out to cafes or cocktail bars. The fireplace is the natural centre of interest in the room. They like to sit round the fire and watch the dancing flames, exchanging the day’s experience. In many houses you will still see fireplaces, sometimes with columns on each side and a shelf above it on which there is often a clock or a mirror or photos.
The love of gardens is deep-rooted in the British people. Most men’s conversations are about gardens. It may be a discussion of the best methods of growing cucumbers, a talk about the plot which differs from all the others.
The British like growing plants in a window-box outside the kitchen or in the garden near the house. They love flowers very much.
Britain is a nation of animal lovers. They have about five million dogs, almost as many cats, 3 million parrots and other cage birds, aquarium fish - and 1 million exotic pets such as reptiles. In Britain they have special dog shops selling food, clothes and other things for dogs. There are dog hair-dressing saloons and dog cemetries. In Britain pets can send Christmas cards to their friends, birthday cards. Owners can buy for their pets jewelled nylon collars, lambswool coat for a dog, lace-trimmed panties, nightgowns, pyjamas, and so on. There are special animal hotels at the airports. The English people believe that they are the only nation on the earth that is really kind to its animals. How do they spend their week-ends.
Those who live in cities and towns like to go out of town. They may go to stay in the country. Every Englishman is fond of the countryside in a nice thatched cottage with roses round the porch and in the garden, the fresh air and bright sun. No crowds of people, silence and leisure.
Those who stay at home try to do all the jobs they, were too busy to do during the week. Some go shopping on Saturday mornings, some do the house - washing, cleaning. Some men do and watch sporting events.
Saturday evening is the best time for parties, dances, going to the cinema or theatre.
On Sunday after breakfast they may go to work in the garden take a dog for a walk, play a visit to a pub. Sunday is a day for inviting friends and relatives to afternoon tea.
There are some traditions concerning food. English cooking is heavy, substantial and plain. The Englishman likes a good breakfast. To him a good breakfast means porridge with, fish, bacon and eggs, toast and marmalade, tea or coffee. It is the same day to day. The English like their toast cold.
Tea is part of the prose of British life, as necessary as potatoes and bread. Seven cups of it wake you up in the morning, 9 cups will put you to sleep at night.
The midday meal is called lunch. This meal consists on week- days of stew, fried fish, chops, liver or sausages, vegetables. Rice and macaroni are seldom served. Then does an apple tart, or hot milk pudding. Sunday dinner is a special occasion, it is a joint of beef or lamb with vegetables. Then goes a large heavy pudding with custard. From 4 to 6 there is a very light meal called 5 o’clock tea. It is a snack of thin bread and butter and cups of tea with small cakes. This became a kind ritual. At this time everything stops for tea.
Dinner (usually at 6 p.m.) is much like lunch and is in many families the last meal of the day. Supper is a snack of bread and cheese and cocoa.
The English have a popular speciality known as fish and chips. They are bought at special fish and chips shops.
TRADITIONS & CUSTOMS OF GREAT BRITIAN.
Every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions.In Britian traditions play more importaint part in the life of the people than in some other countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. It has been the law for about three hundred years that all the theatres are closed on Sundays no letters are delivered only a few Sunday papers are publshed. To this day English families prefer cotage houses with gardens to flats in a modern house with central heeting.English people like gardens.Sometimes the garden in front of the house is a little square covered with cement
painted green (in imitation of grass) and a box of flowers. In English houses the fire-place has always been the centre of interest in a room.For many months of the year people like to sit round the fire and
watch the dancing flames.Fire places are decorated with woodworks,there is a painting or a mirror over it.Above the fire there is usually a shelf with a clock and some photographs. Holydays are especially rich in old traditions and are different in cotland,Wales and England.Christmas is a great english national holyday and in Scotland it is not kept at all exeept by clerks in banks,all the shops and factories are working.But 6 days later on the New Year's Eve the
Scots begin to enjoy themselves.People invite their friends to their houses and sit the old year out and the new year in.In England on new Year's Eve a lot of people go to Trafalgar Square,at midnight,they all cross their arms join hands and sing.People have parties too,they drink toarts to the New Year Children are happy to have presents. Four times a year the offices and banks in Britain are closed on Monday. These public holidays are known as Bank Holidays.The British like to spend holidays out of the town in the open air.They go to the sea-side or to amusements parks. Londoners often visit the Zoo,outside London they take their families to Hamsted Heath ['hнmstid'hi@] a large natural park too.There is usually a big fair with many different amusements for children merry-go-round,swings puppet shows,bright baloons.
One must also speak about such holidays ass All Fools Day,Hallowe'en Bonfire Night,St.Valentines Day and such tradition as Eisteddfod (a festival of which culture).
Traditions of My Family
The family is an important part of everyone`s life. Of course, in every family, there are some unique traditions. From my point of view, it is really important to have special traditions in a family because it makes family members closer and helps to make better relationships between children and parents.
In my family, there are some traditions. The greatest one is to spend the whole Saturday together. My parents work really hard and very often they have to work overtime that`s why we do not have enough time to spend with each other during the working week. Every Saturday we go somewhere together. When the weather is good we go for a walk in a park. Sometimes we go to the cinema or theater. In the evening we have dinner together. My mom normally cooks something delicious. Every Sunday we do a big cleaning. For my family, it is important to keep the house clean. It creates a cozy atmosphere in it that`s why I always try to help my parents with cleaning. After that, we tend to visit my grandparents.
What I like most of all is spending winter holidays abroad with my parents. It is an ideal way to relax and have fun together.
I appreciate the fact that my family is so friendly. I believe that for every family it is very important to spend time together. I am sure that family traditions make family members closer.
Семья-это важная часть жизни каждого. Конечно, в каждой семье есть уникальные традиции. С моей точки зрения, это действительно важно иметь особые традиции в семье, потому что это делает членов семьи ближе и помогает улучшить отношения между детьми и родителями.
В моей семье есть несколько традиций. Важнейшая из них — проводить всю субботу вместе. Мои родители работают очень усердно, и очень часто им приходится работать сверхурочно, поэтому нам не хватает времени, чтобы провести друг с другом в течение рабочей недели. Каждую субботу мы ходим куда-нибудь вместе. Когда погода хорошая, мы идем на прогулку в парк. Иногда мы идем в кино или театр. Вечером мы ужинаем вместе. Моя мама обычно готовит что-то вкусное. Каждое воскресенье мы делаем большую уборку. Для моей семьи важно держать дом в чистоте. Это создает уютную атмосферу в нем, поэтому я всегда стараюсь помочь моим родителям с уборкой. После этого, мы обычно навещаем бабушку и дедушку.
Больше всего мне нравится проводить зимние каникулы с семьей за границей. Это идеальный способ отдохнуть и весело провести время вместе.
Я ценю, что моя семья очень дружная. Я считаю, что для каждой семьи очень важно проводить время вместе. Я уверен, что семейные традиции делают членов семьи ближе.
The TRETYAKOV GALLERY
There are many interesting galleries in our country. The Tretyakov Gallery is one
of the famous and well-known picture galleries in our country and all over the world.
The State Tretyakov Gallery is situated in a Russian-looking building in the centre of Moscow. This gallery is named after its founder Peter Tretyakov. He began to collect Russian paintings in 1856. He wanted these paintings to be seen by people.
This gallery and collections of paintings were nationalized in 1918.
The first works in Tretyakov's collection were the paintings of the "Pere-dvizhniki". The collector bought paintings "Morning in a Pine Wood" by Shish-kin and "Ivan Tsarevich on the Grey Wolf "by Vasnetsov.
The gallery has got many halls. There are halls devoted to the great Russian painters of the 18th and 19th centuries. We can see pictures by such painters as Serov, Repin, Ivanov, Levitan and others. You can see the landscapes "After Rain" and "Golden Autumn". These paintings by Levitan are beautiful. I like to see his paintings because he is one of my favourite artists. I compare his painting "Golden Autumn" with the poem "Autumn" by Pushkin.
There are some paintings by Repin in the Tretyakov Gallery. His paintings are connected with the history of our country. For example, his painting "Ivan Grozny Murders His Son Ivan". There are some portraits of Lev Tolstoy and a self-portrait of Repin in this hall.
I like the painting "Trinity" by Andrei Rublyov. This work reflects the life and soul of the Russian people.
This gallery has many new exhibits now. You can see works of the painters of the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century there. I like works by Gerasimov. I think that he is a very talented painter.
Travelling
I like to travel. First of all, the numbers of our family usually have long walks in the country. Such walks are called hikes. If we want to see the countryside, have to spend a part of our summer holidays on hikes. It is useful for our family. We take our bags, we don’t think about tickets, we don’t hurry up and we walk a lot. During such hikes we see a lot of interesting places, sometimes we meet interesting people. I like to travel by car. It is interesting too, because you can see many things in a short time. When we go by car, we don’t take tickets, we put all things we need in a car. We don’t carry them. It is comfortable to travel by train and by plane. When I travel by plane, I don’t spend a lot of time going from one place to another. I like to fly. If I travel by train or by plane my friends see me off at the railway station or in the airport. Sometimes we go to the seaside for a few days. As usual the weather is fine. If it is warm, we can swim. It is pleasure to watch white ships. I think that travelling is very useful thing for us.
TRAVELLING.
People are fond of traveling. They spend their holidays traveling. They travel to see other countries and continents, to learn a lot about people’s traditions, to enjoy picturesque places. It is interesting for them to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food.
Those who live in the country like to find themselves in large cities with their shops, cinemas, crowds of people. City-dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains with nothing to do but walking and bathing, lazying in the sun. Most travelers and holiday makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them - beautiful views of waterfalls, forests, unusual plants and animals. These photos will remind them of the happy time of holiday.
These are many ways of traveling - by train, by plain, by ship, on foot. Everyone chooses his favourite one. My favourite way is traveling by plain. And not because it is very comfortable. It is exciting. I also like traveling by train. I’ve traveled this way a lot. When you are in the train you can see the beauty of nature.
I envy the tourists because I think that they study geography traveling and visiting different parts of the world. They can tell you many things which you didn’t know before.
They are interesting people from whom you can learn much new for yourself. Any kind of travel helps you to understand many things that you can never see or learn at home. Though you may read about them in books and newspapers.
As for me I’d like to have a coach tour to some foreign country. Coach tours are planned and I’ll have a chance to do a lot of sightseeings and have a good rest at the same time.
Люди любят путешествовать. Они тратят(проводят) их путешествие отпуска. Они путешествуют, чтобы видеть другие страны и континенты, учиться много о народных традициях, наслаждаться живописными местами. Это интересно для них, чтобы обнаружить новые вещи, различные пути жизни, встречать различных людей, пробовать различное продовольствие.
Те, кто живут в стране, любят оказаться в больших городах с их магазинами, кино, толпы людей. Городские обитатели обычно подобно тихому празднику(отпуску) морем или в горах с ничем, чтобы делать но ходьбу и купание, lazying на солнце. Большинство путешественников и изготовителей праздника(отпуска) берет камеру с ними и берет картины всего, что интересует их - красивые представления(виды) водопадов, лесов, необычных заводов(растений) и животных. Эти фотографии напомнят им о счастливом времени праздника(отпуска).
Они - много путей путешествия - поездом, равниной, судном, пешком. Каждый выбирает его фаворита один. Мой любимый путь путешествует равниной. И не, потому что это очень удобно. Это захватывающее. Я также подобно путешествию поездом. Я путешествовал этот путь много. Когда Вы находитесь в поезде, Вы можете видеть красоту характера(природы).
Я завидую туристам, потому что я думаю, что они изучают путешествие географии и посещение различных частей мира. Они могут сообщить Вам много вещей, которые Вы не знали прежде.
Они - интересные люди от того, кого Вы можете изучать много нового для вас непосредственно. Любой вид путешествия помогает Вам понимать много вещей, которые Вы никогда не можете видеть или учиться дома. Хотя Вы можете читать о них в книгах и газетах.
Что касается меня я хотел бы иметь тур автобуса(тренера) к некоторой иностранной стране. Автобус(тренер) Тур запланирован и я должен иметь шанс, чтобы делать много осмотров достопримечательностей и иметь хороший отдых в то же самое время.
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U.K. POLITICAL SYSTEM.
The U.K of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch, Queen Elizabeth II as head of state. The organs of government are : Parliament, the executive and the judiciary. The legislature, Parliament, is the supreme authority. It comprises 2 chambers - the House of Lords and House of Commons - together with the Queen in her constitutional role.
The executive consists of the central Government - that is the Prime-Minister and Cabinet and other ministers who are responsible for iniating and directing the national policy, government departments, local authorities, and public corporations. The judiciary determines common I am and interpret status and is independent of both the legislature and executive.
The Government derive its authority from the elected House of Commons. A general election. For all seats in the House of Commons, must be help every 5 years. The Government is normally formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in the House of Commons. The Party’s leader is appointed Prime-Minister by the Queen. He chooses a team of ministers of whom 20 or so are in the Cabinet. The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and Shadow Cabinet. The House of Commons comprises members from the constituencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland who represent people whose history and traditions differ.
The House of Lords is a hereditory Chamber.
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