Choose the right variant according to the text.
1. Water consists of the chemical elements … .
A. carbon and hydrogen
B. oxygen and hydrogen
C. oxygen and nitrogen
D. carbon oxide and carbon dioxide
2. About 97% of all water on the Earth is … .
A. ground water
B. salt water
C. surface water
D. fresh water
3. Fresh surface water is found in … .
A. oceans, seas, rivers, lakes and swamps
B. rivers, lakes and marshes
C. rain, oceans, rivers, lakes, etc.
D. glaciers and icecaps
4. Since rivers are the main source of the water we use in our every- day life, the humanity … .
A. uses the vast majority of the available fresh water
B. makes use of all the Earth’s surface water
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C. 
uses only a small part of the available water supplies
D. can’t make use of available water supplies at all
5. In the process called the “hydrologic cycle”, water is transported through the atmosphere from the oceans to inland areas where it … and, as rain, nourishes plant and animal life.
A. recycles
B. condenses
C. vaporous (vaporizes)
D. saturates
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Translate the following pairs of derivatives and memorize them.
Verb – Noun
| to boil – boiling to compose – composition to condense – condensation to consume – consumption to determine – determination to develop – development to distribute – distribution to live – life | to occur – occurrence to purify – purification to recycle – recycling to saturate – saturation to solve – solvent / solution to transport – transportation to use – usage to vary – variety |
Noun – Verb
| compound – to compound demand – to demand supply – to supply | use – to use vapour – to vapour water – to water |
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Noun – Adjective
| complex – complex gas – gas / gaseous ground – ground liquid – liquid | salt – salt solid – solid surface – surface water – water / watery |
Adjective – Noun
| able – ability available – availability hard – hardness | turbid – turbidity corrosive – corrosiveness / corro- sivity |
Noun – Noun
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| acid – acidity alkali – alkalinity | character – characteristics foam – foamability |
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Compound Nouns / Adjectives
| atmosphere everyday groundwater hydrogen hydrology | icecap microscope oxygen waterway zooplankton / phytoplankton |
Translate the following pairs of derivatives paying attention to the meaning of prefixes.
| ability – inability (to) increase – (to) decrease common - uncommon completely – inсompletely cycling – recycling essential – inessential ground - underground important – unimportant including – excluding | land – inland surface – subsurface to compose – to decompose to cover – to uncover / to discover to include – to exclude to use – to reuse typical – untypical usual – unusual valuable – invaluable |
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Transform as in the models.
Ter
Model 1 “Verb è Noun”: to purify water è purification of wa-
To use a solution, to carry out a process, to recycle water, to compose
a substance, to solve substances, to saturate with water, to use water sup- plies.
Model 2 “Noun è Noun”: purification of water è water purifi- cation
A molecule of water, the formula of a water molecule, quality of wa- ter, a body of water, the surface of water, water on the surface, water under the ground, supply of water, recycling of water, growth of popula- tion, temperature in a room, tiny animals in water, saturation with water, use of water supplies, a solvent for substances and compounds, devel- opment of civilization.
11.
Insert the appropriate word or word combination. (1)
covers, dependent, drinking, essential, factors, makes up, properties, quality, substance, survive, systems, use, water
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1. Water is the most important liquid on Earth. It al- most 75 percent of Earth’s surface in the form of oceans, rivers, and lakes. All plants and animals needto live. Water’s physical and chemical make itto life and civilization.
2. Everyone should drink water every day. Water about 60 per- cent of an adult’s body by weight. Children’s bodies have an even higher percentage of water. The human being canonly a few days with- out clean, safe drinking water, and every part of the human body is
on water.
3. People have many uses for water besides . They use it for washing and cooking. They use it to irrigate crops and lawns, to clean streets, and to operate air-conditioning units and heating. They alsothe power of flowing water to produce electricity.
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4. Whether the of drinking water is acceptable or not depends on several : how it looks, how it tastes, how it smells, and how clean and safe it is.
(2)
1. A gas and especially a liquid are called a .
2. is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, as well as a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in water.
3. The describes the cycle by which water is transferred over the Earth. It is the cycle of processes by which water between the earth's oceans, atmosphere, and land, involving as rain and snow, drainage in streams and rivers, and return to the atmosphere by and transpiration.
4. Because seawater contains large quantities of dissolved , it must be desalinated for most uses including human consumption.
5. Water conservation is the protection, development, and efficient
of water for beneficial purposes.
6. Water-supply engineering is a of civil engineering concerned with the development of sources of supply, transmission, distribution, andof water. Theis used most frequently for municipal waterworks, but applies also to water systems for industry, irri- gation, water reuse, and other purposes.
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