Introduction to Water-Supply Engineering
“Water is the driver of Nature.” Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
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Read the following international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stressed syllables. Prove that these words are international ones.
Model: substance ['sʌbst(ə)ns] – субстанция; вещество, материал
| aquatic [ə'kwætɪk] atmosphere ['ætməsfɪə] bacterium [bæk'tɪərɪəm] (pl. bac- teria [bæk'tɪərɪə]) base [beɪs] biological [ˌbaɪə'lɒdʒɪk(ə)l] central ['sentr(ə)l] chance [tʃɑːns] characteristic [ˌkærəktə'rɪstɪk] chemical ['kemɪk(ə)l] civilization [ˌsɪv(ə)laɪ'zeɪʃ(ə)n] class [klɑːs] colour ['kʌlə] | human ['hjuːmən] hydrologic [ˌhaıdrəˈlɒdʒık] medium ['miːdjəm] (pl. media ['miːdɪə]) metal ['metl] microscopic [ˌmaɪkrə'skɒpɪk] molecule ['mɒlɪˌkjuːl] myriad ['mɪrɪəd] normal ['nɔːm(ə)l] ocean ['əuʃ(ə)n] organism ['ɔːg(ə)nɪz(ə)m] philosophical [ˌfɪlə'sɒfɪk(ə)l] phytoplankton [ˌfaɪtəʊˈplæŋktən] |
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| complex ['kɒmpleks] component [kəm'pəunənt] condense [kən'dens] corrosive [kə'rəʊsɪv] cycle ['saɪk(ə)l] determine [dɪ'tɜːmɪn] element ['eləmənt ] experiment [ɪk'sperɪmənt] extreme [ɪk'striːm] fact [fækt] form [fɔːm] formula ['fɔːmjʊlə] (pl. formulae ['fɔːmjuliː]) fundamental [ˌfʌndə'ment(ə)l] gas [gæs] glacier ['glæsɪə], ['gleɪsɪə] ground [gra͟ ʊnd] history ['hɪst(ə)rɪ] | physical ['fɪzɪk(ə)l] planet ['plænɪt] polar ['pəʊlə] population [ˌpɒpjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n] portion ['pɔːʃ(ə)n] process ['prəuses] recreation [ˌrɪekrɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n] religious [rɪ'lɪdʒəs] saturate ['sætʃəˌreɪt] structure ['strʌktʃə] temperature ['temp(ə)rəʧə] transport 1. v [træn'spɔːt] 2. n ['trænspɔːt] transportation [ˌtrænspɔː'teɪʃ(ə)n] typical ['tɪpɪk(ə)l] variety [və'raɪɪtɪ] virus ['vaɪrəs] zooplankton [ˌzuːəˈplæŋktən] |
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2. 
Translate the following words and phrases and memorize them.
| N OUNS AND NOUN PHR acid acidity alga (pl. algae) alkali alkalinity boiling point characteristic colour compound consumption corrosiveness [corro- sivity] demand development drinking water | ASES gas glacier groundwater [ground water] hardness hydrogen liquid melting point odour oxygen physical state property protozoan (pl. proto- zoa / protozoans) salt [saline] water | solvent substance supply surface surface water taste temperature turbidity vapour water water [hydrologic] cycle water body water purification water recycling |
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| to assess to be to be composed of to be saturated with to change to condense | to contain to cover to determine to develop to exist to find | to increase to make up to nourish to occur to protect to use | |
| A DJECTIVES | |||
| aquatic aqueous available biological | chemical colourless dense liquid | odourless physical solid tasteless | |
| A BBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS | |||
| o C (degree(s) Celsius) o F (degree(s) Fahrenheit) % (per cent / percent) | etc. (etcetera / et cetera) H2O pH | ||
3. 
Match the English and Russian equivalents. (1)
1. aquatic life
2. aqueous solution
3. chemical compound
4. complex property
5. to act as an acid or as an alkaline
6. to be transported through the atmosphere
7. to carry out a process
8. to cover the area
9. to exist in three physical states
10. to use as a medium 11.under normal conditions
a. вести себя либо как кислота, либо как щелочь
b. водная флора и фауна, гидробио- нты (организмы, обитающие в во- де)
c. водный раствор
d. занимать площадь
e. использовать как среду (веще- ство, в котором существует что-л.)
f. осуществлять процесс
g. перемещаться в атмосфере
h. при нормальных условиях
i. сложное свойство
j. существовать в трех физических
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(2)
| 1. ground [subsurface] and surface water 2. salt [saline] and fresh water 3. to be saturated with wa- ter 4. to flourish around major waterways 5. water [hydrologic] cy- cle 6. water body 7. water purification [treatment] 8. water recycling 9. water supply 10.water surface | a. быть насыщенным водой b. водная поверхность, поверхность воды c. водоем; водный объект d. водообеспеченность, запас воды; водоснабжение, снабжение водой, водоподача, подача воды; водо- провод; pl. водные ресурсы e. круговорот воды, влагооборот f. оборотное [повторное] водоснаб- жение g. очистка воды, водоочистка h. подпочвенные воды [почвенная / грунтовая вода] и поверхностная вода i. процветать вокруг главных вод- ных путей j. соленая и пресная вода |
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