Theme 13. Philosophical problems of modern global civilization

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The purpose of the lecture: the definition of the essence of the modern global civilization and analysis of Kazakhstan's civilization identity.

Plan:

1. The historical concept of civilization and their relationship with science.

2. The modern global civilization and its specificity.

3. Formation of the Kazakh civilization identity.

Basic concepts: civilization, globalization, types of civilization, civilization identity.

The historical concepts of civilization and their relationship with science. In academia the concept of "civilization" has been increasingly used in the formulation of the common cultural and historical principles and laws of the dispensation and the development of complex human societies. It has become crucial in a number of influential general historical, sociological, cultural concepts based on an integrated approach to the study of the dynamics of society and its changes.

Type of civilization is the methodological concept used for the largest division of the cultural and historical development of mankind, allowing designate specific features characteristic of many societies. The basis of the typology on four main criteria:

1) Common basic features of the spiritual life;

2) Commonality and interdependence of historical and political destiny and economic development;

3) The intertwining of cultures;

4) The existence of common interests and common objectives in terms of development prospects.

Technological civilization is a historical milestone in the development of civilization, a special type of civilization development, which was formed in Europe in the XV-XVII centuries.

The main role in this type of culture, civilization takes a scientific rationality emphasizes the special value of reason and based on it the progress of science and technology.

Character traits:

1) Rapid change in technology and technology thanks to the systematic use in the production of scientific knowledge;

2) as a result of the fusion of science and production has occurred, and the scientific and technological revolution has significantly changed the relationship between man and nature, man's place in the production system;

3) Accelerating the update of the artificially created human subject protection, this directly flows vital functions. This is accompanied by the increasing dynamics of social ties, their relatively rapid transformation. Sometimes, for one or two generations, there is a lifestyle change and the formation of a new type of personality. On the basis of technological civilization emerged two types of society - industrial society and postindustrial society.

The modern global civilization and it’s specificity. The current state of development of civilization has led to the formation of a global civilization.

Global civilization is the current stage of development of civilization, characterized by increasing the integrity of the international community, the emergence of a single planetary civilization. Globalization is associated primarily with the internationalization of all social activity on Earth. This internationalization means that in the modern era all humanity enters into a unified system of social-economic, political, cultural and other ties and relations.

The increasing intensity of global linkages contribute to the spread across the planet as forms of social, economic and cultural life, knowledge and values that are perceived as the best and most effective to meet personal and social needs. In other words, there is an increasing unification of the social and cultural life of various countries and regions of the globe. The basis of this unification is to create a planetary system of social division of labor, political institutions, information, communication, transport, etc. A specific instrument of social and cultural interaction is a dialogue between civilizations.

In cultural studies documented some of the most general principles of dialogue among civilizations:

1) Absorption of progressive experience, usually takes place while maintaining inter-civilization characteristics of each community, culture and mentality of the people;

2) Each community takes from the experience of other civilizations, only those forms that it is able to learn as part of their cultural opportunities;

3) Elements of a civilization, transferred to another ground, get a new look, a new quality;

4) As a result of the modern global civilization dialogue acquires not only the shape of an integrated system, but also internally diverse, pluralistic nature. In this civilization growing homogeneity of social, economic and political forms is combined with cultural diversity.

Formation of the Kazakh civilization identity. Each national culture in this cultural diversity is presented as equitable, capable to communication and "desirable" for the communication. Globalization, on the one hand, the threat of cultural identity, on the other, creates a real opportunity for dialogue, cultural identities. Cultural globalization set itself the problem of finding the person of their cultural identity. There are different versions of identicalness: ethnic identity, civil identity, national identity, religious identity. The essence of the cultural identity lies in the fact that it brings together all of these modification transformation of identity, as the basis for projections fundamental human cultural communication space.

In today's globalization emerges and strengthens the position of that preservation of cultural, identity as the highest expression of civilization. The development of modern Kazakhstan impossible without studying the history and culture of the people, without an understanding of the origins of ethnic development, the priority of spiritual and moral values of Kazakh culture. In the spiritual history of the past of the Kazakh people laid deep roots of national identity which is the basis of values and meaning of the historical process and the specific ethnical-social reality. Spiritual values accumulated over the long history of development of the Kazakh culture should form the historical and cultural foundations of modern culture. The nomadic way of life left its mark and determines the unique culture of the people, its mentality, customs and traditions. Spiritual world of Kazakh centuries absorbs many cultural influences by melting and assimilating them into their ancestral traditions of the steppe. These traditions are so strong that political disaster and war, great cultural expansion neighbors (China, Russia), Arab and Mongol influence or Islamization could not change them fundamentally. The reason for the vitality and viability was, apparently, is that the method of management and type of civilization remained virtually unchanged for centuries. Studying history, unwittingly come to believe how amazingly strong was the desire of our ancestors to preserve their traditions, customs, beliefs. Nomads jealously guarded its identity not let into your mindset influence usages Chinese or Mongolian. Spiritual and moral values of Kazakh people reflect such virtues as hospitality, tolerance, generosity, human interaction, etc. This is the core which is embedded in the genetic memory of the Kazakhs and transmitted from generation to generation.

MATERIALS FOR SEMINARS

Seminar 1.The subject of the history and philosophy of science.

Plan:

1. Science as a social institution.

2. The place and role of science in culture.

3. Models of dynamic of the science.

References

1. Bunch, Byran H. and Alexander Hellemans. The history of science and technology: a browser's guide to the great discoveries, inventions, and the people who made them, from the dawn of time to today. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004.

2. Encyclopedia of science, technology, and ethics. Edited by Carl Mitcham. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 4 volumes.

3. Fetzer, James H. and Robert F. Almeder. Glossary of epistemology/philosophy of science. First edition. New York: Paragon House, 1993.

4. Krebs, Robert E. Scientific laws, principles, and theories: a reference guide. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001. New edition: Two volumes. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008.

5. The Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Science (Second edition). Edited by Martin Curd and Stathis Psillios. New York: Routledge, 2013.

Seminar 2. Ideological foundations of science

Plan:

1. Worldview role in the development of the philosophy of science.

2. The interaction between science and other forms of spiritual activity.

3. Humanistic horizons of science.

References

1. Encyclopedia of science, technology, and ethics. Edited by Carl Mitcham. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 4 volumes.

2. Fetzer, James H. and Robert F. Almeder. Glossary of epistemology/philosophy of science. First edition. New York: Paragon House, 1993.

3. Krebs, Robert E. Scientific laws, principles, and theories: a reference guide. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001. New edition: Two volumes. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008.

4. The Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Science (Second edition). Edited by Martin Curd and Stathis Psillios. New York: Routledge, 2013.

Seminar 3. Functions of Science

Plan:

1. General functions of science.

2. The social functions of science.

3. Science and global issues of our time.

References

1. Encyclopedia of science, technology, and ethics. Edited by Carl Mitcham. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 4 volumes.

2. Fetzer, James H. and Robert F. Almeder. Glossary of epistemology/philosophy of science. First edition. New York: Paragon House, 1993.

3. Krebs, Robert E. Scientific laws, principles, and theories: a reference guide. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001. New edition: Two volumes. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008.

4. The Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Science (Second edition). Edited by Martin Curd and Stathis Psillios. New York: Routledge, 2013.

Seminar 4. The emergence and formation of science. Science in the Ancient World, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

Plan:

1. Research programs of Antiquity.

2. Scientific knowledge in the Middle Ages.

3. Science in the Renaissance.

References

1. Abattouy, Mohamed. The history of Arabic sciences: a selected bibliography. Berlin: Max-Planck-Institute feur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 1996.

2. Encyclopedia of the history of Arabic science. Edited by Roshdi Rashed in collaboration with Regis Morelon. Three volumes. London: Routledge, 1996.

3. Encyclopedia of the scientific revolution: from Copernicus to Newton. Edited by Wilbur Applebaum. New York: Garland Pub., 2000.

4. Groundbreaking scientific experiments, inventions, and discoveries of the ancient world. Robert E. and Carolyn A. Krebs. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2003.

5. Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Robert E. Krebs. Westport: Greenwood, 2004.

6. Lawson, Russell M. Science in the ancient world: an encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2004.

7. Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia. Thomas F. Glick, Steven J. Livesey, Faith Wallis, editors. New York: Routledge, 2005.

8. The Renaissance and the scientific revolution: biographical portraits. Edited by Brian S. Baigrie. New York : Charles Scribner, 2001.

9. Whitney, Elspeth. Medieval science and technology. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2004.

Seminar 5. Modern science in Europa - classical stage of development of Science

Plan:

1. The rational and empirical methodologies in science

2. The mechanical worldview of Isaac Newton.

3. German classical philosophy and classical science.

References

1. Burns, William E. Science in the Enlightenment: an encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2003.

2. Burns, William E. The scientific revolution: an encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2001.

3. Groundbreaking scientific experiments, inventions and discoveries of the 17th century. Micheal Windelspecht. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002.

4. Groundbreaking scientific experiments, inventions, and discoveries of the 18th century. Jonathan Shectman. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2003.

5. History of modern science and mathematics. Edited by Brian S. Baigrie. Four volumes. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002.

6. The Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Science (Second edition). Edited by Martin Curd and Stathis Psillios. New York: Routledge, 2013.

Seminar 6. Basic concepts and directions of the non-classical and post-nonclassical stage of development of the history and philosophy of science

Plan:

1. Epistemology of neo-Kantianism: Baden and Marburg schools.

2. The methodological concept of Positivism.

3. Post-modernism and science.

References

1. Encyclopedia of 20th-century technology. Colin A. Hempstead, editor. New York: Routledge, 2005. 2 volumes.

2. Encyclopedia of science, technology, and ethics. Edited by Carl Mitcham. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 4 volumes.

3. Groundbreaking scientific experiments, inventions, and discoveries of the 19th century. Michael Windelspecht. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2003.

4. Hamblin, Jacob Darwin. Science in the early twentieth century: an encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2005.

5. Krebs, Robert E. Scientific laws, principles, and theories: a reference guide. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001. New edition: Two volumes. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008.

6. Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.

7. Popper, Karl. The Logic of Scientific Discovery, 1934 (as Logik der Forschung, English translation 1959).

8. Russell, Bertrand. On the Philosophy of Science, edited by Charles A. Fritz, Jr. Indianapolis: The Bobbs–Merrill Company, 1965.

Seminar 7. The structure and level of scientific knowledge. Methodology of Science

Plan:

1. Empirical and theoretical levels of science.

2. The variety of methods of scientific research.

3. Becoming a synergetic paradigm.

References

1. Encyclopedia of 20th-century technology. Colin A. Hempstead, editor. New York: Routledge, 2005. 2 volumes.

2. Fetzer, James H. and Robert F. Almeder. Glossary of epistemology/philosophy of science. First edition. New York: Paragon House, 1993.

3. Krebs, Robert E. Scientific laws, principles, and theories: a reference guide. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001. New edition: Two volumes. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008.

4. Popper, Karl. The Logic of Scientific Discovery, 1934 (as Logik der Forschung, English translation 1959).

5. Russell, Bertrand. On the Philosophy of Science, edited by Charles A. Fritz, Jr. Indianapolis: The Bobbs–Merrill Company, 1965.

6. The Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Science (Second edition). Edited by Martin Curd and Stathis Psillios. New York: Routledge, 2013.

Seminar 8. Science as a profession. Ideals and norms of Science

Plan:

1. Science as a profession.

2. The norms and values of the scientific community.

3. Science in Kazakhstan.

References

1. Encyclopedia of 20th-century technology. Colin A. Hempstead, editor. New York: Routledge, 2005. 2 volumes.

2. Encyclopedia of science, technology, and ethics. Edited by Carl Mitcham. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 4 volumes.

3. Fetzer, James H. and Robert F. Almeder. Glossary of epistemology/philosophy of science. First edition. New York: Paragon House, 1993.

4. Krebs, Robert E. Scientific laws, principles, and theories: a reference guide. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001. New edition: Two volumes. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008.

5. Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.

6. Popper, Karl. The Logic of Scientific Discovery, 1934 (as Logik der Forschung, English translation 1959).

7. Russell, Bertrand. On the Philosophy of Science, edited by Charles A. Fritz, Jr. Indianapolis: The Bobbs–Merrill Company, 1965.

8. The Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Science (Second edition). Edited by Martin Curd and Stathis Psillios. New York: Routledge, 2013.

Seminar 9. The philosophical foundations of science and scientific world

Plan:

1. The philosophical ideas as the basis of science.

2. The concept of the scientific world.

3. Global evolution as a contemporary scientific world.