Choose the correct tense form.
1. All citizens of the state … obey the law.
a) may b) must c) should d) will
2. This crime … some hours ago.
a) committed b) have been committed c) was committed d) commits
3. “… I question the witness?” – the young inspector asked.
a) may b) can c) could d) must
4. Only professionals … examine the scene of a crime.
a) may b) can c) could d) will
5. The tenant will get money damages if he … a suit.
a) brought b) will bring c) bring d) brings
6. The guilty … usually … according to the decision of the court.
a) is punished b) are punished c) has been punished d) punishes
7. “I need your original papers. … you bring them in an hour or two?” – the notary said.
a) can b) will c) may d) must
8. “To discover the offender you … perform a series of acts.” – the chief inspector said.
a) should b) would c) could d) can
9. To establish the facts of the crime series of acts … by investigators.
a) perform b) is performed c) will performed d) will be performed
10. The Prosecutor General of Russia is … and … by the Federation Council upon a proposal of the President.
a) appointed/dismissed b) appoints/dismisses c) appoint/dismiss d) to appoint/to dismiss
11. If the investigator … on the scene of the crime, he inspects it and questions witnesses.
a) is called b) called c) has called d) was called
12. Laws ... for the sake of man and society with the aim of protecting them.
a) made b) make c) are made d) was made
13. The police … investigate a crime without the help of citizens.
a) mustn’t b) cannot c) shouldn’t d) needn’t
14. “… you represent my client’s interests during the trial?” – the solicitor asked the barrister.
a) must b) might c) could d) should
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15. If the client is a corporation, the lawyer … as house counsel.
a) is known b) will be known c) known d) knows
Use an appropriate Passive verb form to complete each sentence. Translate the second sentence in each part.
1.The Norman kings sent travelling judges around the country. Travelling judges …
2.Congress is passing the new legislation. The new legislation …
3.They may not fulfil the contract. The contract may …
4.The director will give a press briefing tomorrow. A press briefing …
5.When a new government comes to power, it usually revises the legal system. The legal system …
6.England and Wales have retained many laws and legal principles. Many laws and legal principles …
7.They will not finish the project soon. – The project …
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive verb form.
1. The case of murder (to investigate) last year.
2. A new law (pass) at the moment..
3. The trial (to close) by the judge by the time we came to the
court.
4. The textbook on civil law (to publish) by January.
5. This terrible crime (to prevent) by the measures taken by the police.
6. I hope some agreement (reach) tomorrow.
7. Legal advice (seek) by people frequently.
8. Different kinds of offences (to reflect) in Crime Statistics.
9. The evidence on the case (to collect) still by the investigator.
10. The hearing of the criminal case (to postpone).
Complete the gaps with the correct prepositions.
1. A jury consists … twelve men and women from the local community.
a) from b) by c) of
2. Although I understand why he thinks that way I disagree … his point of view.
a) with b) by c) on
3. This interesting report … civil procedure in the USA was made by a first-year student.
a) for b)on c)through
4. . The court held that the owners of the factory were liable to the plaintiffs …. the tort of private nuisance.
a) by b)for c)as
5. The barrister and the solicitor are looking … the details of the criminal case.
a)through b) by c)about
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Уч. год
Составитель: Цветкова А.В.
Заочное отделение
Юридический факультет
Контрольная работа
по дисциплине «Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции»
Для студентов 2 курса, 3 семестр
Вариант 5
Read the text carefully.
White-collar crimes
1.The term «white-collar crime» originally referred only to crimes committed against business firms, usually by their employees, through the use of non-physical, nonviolent means. In this sense, such crime consisted essentially of embezzlement, the taking of an employer’s funds by an employee entrusted with such funds, and theft, the wrongful taking of any other property of the employer.
2. Today, however, the term has almost universally been broadened to refer to all nonviolent criminal acts committed by business firms as well as against business firms. Used in this broader sense, white-collar crime embraces a very wide spectrum of business misconduct, covering such diverse wrongs as practicing of fraud on insurance companies, securities fraud, obtaining property through misuse of credit cards, and even income tax evasion. The term also includes computer fraud.
3.There are many business-related acts that constitute federal crimes. For example, in the area of bankruptcy, the federal Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 makes it a crime for a debtor to willfully transfer property to a confederate before bankruptcy proceedings for the purpose of defrauding creditors, to conceal his or her assets during bankruptcy proceedings, and to give false testimony under oath during such proceedings.
4.Additionally, a number of federal statutes impose criminal liability on persons and firms who offer bribes and kickbacks to federal officials for the purpose of obtaining business advantages. Similarly, bribery of officials of foreign governments for the purpose of obtaining the sale of goods or services to those governments is a crime under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 - an act passed after testimony in Congress divulged widespread use of such bribery by a number of U. S. firms in the late 1960 s and early 1970 s. Any firm that violates this act can be fined up to $2 million, and officers and directors of such firms may be fined up to $100,000 or imprisoned for up to five years or both.
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5.It is worth noting that white collar crime is often perceived as a less serious crime in the society. This is based on several reasons including the fact that the crime receives less media coverage. This incomprehensive media coverage of white collar crime may be attributed to the complex nature of the crime, which makes many incidences go unreported. In other words, it is often difficult to pin point one person as the perpetrator of the crime as it would happen with the case of robbery, knife crime, or drug trafficking. However, white crime remains a serious crime and one that can have serious negative impacts on the society.
2.Read the text above again and answer the following questions. Give full answers.
1. What did the term «white-collar crime» originally refer to?
2. By what means were white-collar crimes committed?
3. What is the difference between embezzlement and theft?
4. How was the term «white-collar crime» broadened?
5. What crime relating to bankruptcy is described in the text?
6.How can a debtor defraud creditors?
7.Why do persons and firms offer bribes to federal officials?
8.What kind of liability is imposed on persons and firms who offer bribes to
federal officials for the purpose of obtaining business advantages?
9.Which act addresses bribery of officials of foreign countries?
10.What is the penalty for such bribery?
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