Use an appropriate Passive verb form to complete each sentence. Translate the second sentence in each part.
1. When a new government comes to power, it usually revises the legal system. The legal system …
2. England and Wales have retained many laws and legal principles. Many laws and legal principles …
3. They will not finish the project by soon. The project …
4. The Norman kings sent travelling judges around the country. Travelling judges …
5. Congress is passing the new legislation. The new legislation … .
6. They may not fulfill the contract. The contract may … .
7. The director will give a press briefing tomorrow. A press briefing … .
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive verb form.
1. In some cases laws (make) by judges.
2. Sometimes judges could find no precedents.
3. The criminal (arrest) by the police yesterday.
4. Laws sometimes (break).
5. The hearing of the criminal case (to postpone).
6. The case of murder (to investigate) last year.
7. A new law (pass) at the moment.
8. The trial (to close) by the judge by the time we came to the court.
9. The textbook on civil law (to publish) by January.
10.This terrible crime (to prevent) by the measures taken by the police.
Complete the gaps with the correct preposition.
1. A counterfeit, … definition, is something that is copied or imitated without the perpetrator having the right to do it and with the purpose of deceiving or defrauding.
a) as b) by c) through
2. Others believe that many crimes … a particular person are committed by the poor.
a) after b) against c) for
3. The police began to follow anyone who might be associated … the criminal.
a) with b) to c) for
4. In the United States, anyone accused … a crime has certain rights that are guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.
a) in b) to c) of
5. A distinctive feature of the legal profession in England and Wales is that it is divided … two groups: barristers and solicitors.
a) among b) into c) against
Уч. год
Составитель: Цветкова А.В.
Заочное отделение
Юридический факультет
Контрольная работа
по дисциплине «Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции»
Для студентов 2 курса, 3 семестр
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Вариант 4
Read the text carefully.
Public and private security
1.There is a great deal of public sympathy for the police. It is felt that they are doing an increasingly difficult job under difficult circumstances. Senior officers think it is important for the police to establish a relationship with local people, and the phrase “community policing” is now fashionable. Some police have even started to patrol on foot again.
2.Generally speaking, the relationship between police and public in Britain compares quite favourably with that in some other European countries. British police still do not carry guns in the course of normal duty (although all police stations have a store of weapons).
3.The police are not, of course, above the law. When they arrest somebody on suspicion of having committed a crime, they have to follow certain procedures. For example, unless they obtain special permission, they are not allowed to detain a person for more than twenty-four hours without formally charging that person with having committed a crime. Even after they have charged somebody, they need permission to remand that person in custody (i.e. to keep him or her in prison) until the case is heard in court. In 1994 public concern about criminals “getting away with it” led the government to make one very controversial change in the law.
4.The fear of crime seems to have increased a lot. This has gone together with a lack of confidence in the ability of the police to catch criminals. In the early 1990s private security firms were one of the fastest-growing businesses in the country. Another response to the perceived situation has been the growth of Neighbourhood Watch schemes. They attempt to educate people in crime prevention and to encourage the people of a particular neighbourhood to look out for anything suspicious. In 1994 the government was even considering helping members of these schemes to organize patrols.
5.Most people do not realize that we depend more on private services for our security than on public police officers. Private policing, or private security, assumed a major role during the westward movement of our nation. One name stands out in the history of private policing in the United States: Allan Pinkerton. In 1849 he became Chicago’s first detective. A year later he set himself up as a private detective, and thus started the private detective business in America. During the Civil War he served in the Union army as a major and set up its successful espionage system. After the war Pinkerton’s agents became the tools of management in labor disputes. The brutal force used by “the Pinkerton” to break strikes became notorious. In the past, few skills were needed to do the work. The development of sophisticated security systems requires technical and management skills. Executive protection requires intelligence, training, and often language skills. Contract security agencies have vastly upgraded their recruitment and educational standards.
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