Choose the correct tense form.
1. The suspect … when the investigator received the results of the laboratory analysis.
a. cross-examined b. cross-examines c. was cross-examining d. was being cross-examined
2. The witness for the prosecution … when we came to the court.
a.waited for b. was being waited for c. was waited for d.waits for
3. He … a good investigator after many serious crimes had been examined by him.
a. will become b.had become c. became d. have become
4. The convicted … to prison to serve his sentence after his appeal had been rejected by the higher court.
a.was taken b.will take c.took d.takes
5. The court …this case of burglary for two weeks.
a.is considering b.considers c. has been considering d. is considered
6. The jurors … the verdict since 10 o’clock.
a.are discussing b.will discuss c.have been discussing d.discuss
7. The convict was informed that his appeal against the severity of the sentence … by the higher court the previous day.
a.had been rejected b. was rejected c. will be rejected d. would be rejected
8. The public was informed that the jury … the accused guilty of committing a serious offence.
a. had found b.was found c.would find d. finds
9.The police … investigate a crime without the help of citizens.
a.mustn’t b. cannot c.shouldn’t d.needn’t
10. “… you represent my client’s interests during the trial?” – the solicitor asked the barrister.
a. must b. might c.could d.will
11. The case of robbery … since September.
a.has been investigating b. has been investigated c.was being investigated d.investigated
12. This week the higher court … the prisoner’s appeal.
a.has been dismissed b.has dismissed c. dismissed d.dismissed
13. This Wednesday the jurors … the verdict of guilty.
a.brought in b.was brought in d.has brought in e.brings in
14. Last week the offender … by the policeman.
a.arrested b.was arrested c.has been arrested d.arrests
15. Two weeks ago the police inspector …this case of murder.
a.solves b.was solved c.has solved d.solved
Make the following sentences passive. Translate the second sentence in each part.
1.The investigator is still collecting evidence on this case of burglary. Evidence …
2. The same person committed both crimes. Both crimes…
|
|
|
3. A well-known barrister for the defence defended the accused. The accused …
4. The jurors are discussing the verdict. The verdict …
5. The court has rejected the convict’s appeal against the severity of the sentence. The convict’s appeal ...
6.The Coroner’s court dealt with the case of violent death. The case of violent death …
7. The jury will find the accused guilty. The accused … .
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive verb form.
1. The hearing of the criminal case (to postpone).
2. The case of murder (to investigate) last year.
3. Penalties (to impose) on convicts according to the law.
4. The juvenile (to release) by the police .
5. The verdict (to give) by the jury and the sentence (to pass) by the judge.
6. The verdict (to discuss) still by the jury.
7. The evidence on the case (to collect) still by the investigator.
8. The suspect (to arrest) just by the police inspector.
9. The trial (to close) by the judge by the time we came to the court.
10. The textbook on civil law (to publish) by January.
Complete the gaps with the correct prepositions.
1. There are many English words which may denote a lawyer, and different jurisdictions use different titles … lawyers: “advocate, attorney, barrister, solicitor”.
a) for b) into c)around
2. In England, the decision is … becoming a barrister or a solicitor.
a) between b) about c) around
3. In England and Northern Ireland a lawyer who is admitted to plead … the bar is the barrister.
a) as b) at c) by
4. A jury consists … twelve men and women from the local community.
a) from b) by c) of
5. Solicitors are the ‘general practitioners’ … law.
a)by b)in c) about
Уч. год
Составитель: Цветкова А.В.
Заочное отделение
Юридический факультет
Контрольная работа
|
|
|
по дисциплине «Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции»
Для студентов 2 курса, 3 семестр
Вариант 2
Read the text carefully.
Computer crimes
1. The explosive growth in the use of computers in the business world in the past few years has brought with it a corresponding increase in computer misuse. Traditional state and federal laws applicable to such crimes as trespass and larceny are not necessarily appropriate for prosecution of cases of computer fraud and computer theft.
2. For example, one court held that a city employee’s use of the city’s computer facilities in his private sales venture could not support a theft conviction absent any evidence that the city was deprived of any part of value or use of the computer. In some cases, use of a computer has not been deemed «property» within traditional theft statutes.
3.Computer crimes fall mainly into three broad categories: simple unauthorized access, theft of information, and theft of funds. Among schemes that have been subjects of litigations are stealing a competitor’s computer program; paying an accomplice to delete adverse information and insert favorable false information into the defendant’s credit file; a bank’s president having his account computer coded so that his checks would be removed and held rather than posted so he could later remove the actual checks without their being debited; and a disgruntled ex-employee’s inserting a «virus» into his former employer’s computer to destroy its records.
4.Some estimate that losses due to computer misuse may be as high as $ 35 to $ 40 billion per year (including thefts of funds, losses of computer programs and data, losses of trade secrets, and damage done to computer hardware). These estimates may not be reliable, but it is clear that a substantial amount of computer crime is never discovered and a high percentage of that which is discovered is never reported because companies do not want publicity about the inadequacy of their computer controls and financial institutions, such as banks, fear that reports of large losses of funds, even when insured, are likely to cause depositors to withdraw their funds in the interest of safety. Whatever the actual loss due to computer misuse, both Congress and the state legislatures have passed statutes to deal specifically with computer crime.
|
|
|
5.At least forty five states have passed laws dealing with computer crime. Most of the statutes comprehensively address the problem, outlawing computer trespass (unauthorized access); damage to computer hardware or software (e. g. use of «viruses»); theft or misappropriation of computer services, and unauthorized obtaining or disseminating of information via computer. There have been relatively few prosecutions under these state laws or the federal acts, leading some experts to suggest that the problem of computer crime has been overestimated.
Дата добавления: 2018-11-24; просмотров: 607; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!