STYLYSTIC ANALYSIS OF FICTIONAL TEXTS IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATIОN
Main points:
7.1 Non-fictional, fictional texts and respective communicative aims
7.2 Literary artistic translation as a specific kind of translator's activity
7.3 Practical steps of translators in analysing fictional texts
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7.1. Non-fictional, fictional texts and respective communicative aims
It is practically impossible to give a broad picture of fictional text analysis briefly because it includes all known methods and devices of text analysis relevant for translation.
First of all it should be noted that fictional texts "reflect" the fictional worlds, or, in other words, are sets of assertions (statements) "about a possible world" [Sinclair 1986: 52]. It means that they have an indirect effect upon the readers through the appeal to human emotions by way of using artistic images and not by reference to the events of the real world. The following table suggests comparison of communicative aims of texts of different functional styles:
| Functional style | Communicative aim | Ways of implementation of the communicative aim |
| Texts of official documents | To bind the addressee to a certain kind of behaviour | By the use of "binding" (performative) words |
| Texts of scientific and technical style | To inform the addressee about the problem | By reference to the facts of the reality, by arqumentation and loqical analysis |
| Texts of newspaper style (news items) | To inform the addressee about events in the real world | By reference to real events and argumentation |
| Texts of the publicistic style | To persuade the addressee that the author's points of view its the only correct one | By reference to real facts, argumentation, use of stylistic devices and expressive means of the language |
| Texts of belles- lettres style (fictional texts) | To make the reader believe the author (and thus indirectly influence his behaviour) | By appealing to the reader's emotions through creation of artistic images by the use of various stylistic devices and expressive means |
Literary artistic translation as a specific kind of translator's
Activity
Volumes of academic literature were written on the aspects of literary artistic translation [see the bibliography in: Казакова 2003, Коптілов 2003, Корунець 2003, Мастерство перевода 1970, Пелевина 1980, Попович 1980, Baker 1992, Sinclair 1986].
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I.Korunets [Корунець 2000: 23] defines literary artistic translation as a "faithful conveying of content and of artistic merits of belles-lettres passages/works (...)" which, presumes that a translated fictional text (whether it is prose, drama or poetry) should have the same effect upon the target language reader as the original text has on the source language reader. Some authors believe that it is impossible to achieve this effect because of the inevitable differences between cultures and languages. Others try to prove that everything, which "is written" in one language, can be faithfully translated into another one [Демурова 1970].
Т. A.Kazakova suggests to apply the term "poetic translation" to literary artistic translation ("художній переклад"), noting that "poetic translation involves an unpredictable area of transformations in the probable projection of the source text onto the target language through the perception of the translator. Some transformations of this kind are not determined by interlinguistic relationship but by cultural or even personal preferences on the part of the translator. Thus, in poetic translation the source text acquires probable rather than causal character. Multiple probabilities are a particular feature of poetic translation, while another important feature is irreversibility. From this point of view, poetic translation is what is sometimes described as "artistic translation", though the term "artistic is too general to apply to textual material" [Kazakova 2003:8-9].
V.Koptilov [Коптілов 2003:13] writes that imagery is the backbone of any artistic text, which raises the question: what can be defined as the unit of artistic translation - the word, the combination of words, the sentence or, possibly, the artistic image? He suggests to call this unit "the translateme" and writes further on that in the drama or comedy the translateme includes an exchange of cues between the characters, in a poem it is equal to a metaphor and in the text of prose it may correspond to a sentence or even to a paragraph. "Translateme each time functions as an "atom of contents", which cannot be divided without ruining the contents" [ibid.].
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Whatever the academic argument may be, it seems evident that successful literary artistic translation has to do more with rendering of artistic (cultural or "mentafact") substance of texts, rather than with pure rendering of their linguistic substance. Therefore, a translator of literary texts should have the talent of an artist and not, only of a linguist.
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