Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст “ Welding”.
Welding
There are a number of methods of joining metal articles1 together. The simplest method of welding two pieces of metal together is heating. The ends are heated to a white heat2 (for iron, about 1300°C) in a flame, when the metal becomes plastic. The ends are then pressed or hammered3 together. A high temperature causes oxidation, and a film of oxide is formed on the heated surfaces. For this reason, a flux is applied to the heated metal. At welding heat,4 the flux melts, and the oxide particles are dissolved in it together with any other impurities5 which may be present. The metal surfaces are pressed together, and the flux is squeezed out6 of the weld.
The heat for welding is generated in several ways. For some welds an electric arc is used. In this method, an electric current is passed across two electrodes, and the metal surfaces are placed between them. The heat which is generated melts the metal at the weld. A different method known as spot welding is usually employed for welding sheets of metal together. Two sheets are placed together with a slight overlap,7 and a current is passed between the electrodes. Today the new welding methods include laser welding and electronic beam welding.
Notes on the text
1. article деталь
2. white heat температура белого каления
3. to hammer ковать
4. at welding heat при температуре сварки
5. impurities примеси
6. to squeeze out выдавливать
7. overlap перекрытие, нахлест
Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.
We don’t know the girl standing at the window.
Using your methods he will manage the task.
When playing with a child my brother tries to think up new games.
4. Having finished the experiment the engineers started a series of new tests.
5. While using a needle you should be careful not to pick your finger.
6. Having obtained the necessary compound, we could finish our experiment.
7. The scientists following this technique investigated some phenomena of radioactivity
8. They were looking at the children playing in the garden.
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.
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1. Dinner being over, we assembled in the drawing-room.
2. There being little time left, they hired a cab to get to the theatre in time.
3. Radio was invented in Russia, its inventor being the Russian scientist A.S.Popov.
4. The wolf having been killed, they could now sleep in peace.
5. The electrons move with varying velocities, their velocity depending on the temperature and nature of the material.
6. It was very dark, there being no stars in the sky.
5. Переведите предложения, в которых инфинитив является:
1. Galileo was the first to perceive that Jupiter has four moons (определением).
2. Many ores to be found in this district are of great value to the industry (определением).
3. He made a number of experiments in order to produce a perfect optical glass (обстоятельством).
4. His main task was to find out the nature of electricity and magnetism (дополнением).
5. To carry out this work successfully requires special knowledge (подлежащим).
6. We have to investigate this process (частью сказуемого).
Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкции Complex Object / Complex Subject
1. I believe my brother to have forgotten to send her flowers.
2. I don’t want you to be late.
3. I like her to sing.
4. I saw him open the door and leave the room.
5. The boy felt the doctor to touch his leg.
1. He was said to be one of the most promising nuclear physics.
2. They appear to have lost the way.
3. Roberta was known to be an honest and hard-working girl.
4. Clyde was expected to arrive at the week-end.
5. Becky and Tom were supposed to have stayed at the widow Douglas’.
6. This work seems to take much time.
1. Я слышал, как он открывает дверь.
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2. Я знала, что он великий ученый.
3. Наш учитель любит, когда мы задаем вопросы.
4. Говорят, что он работает на заводе.
7. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод составных предлогов и союзов.
1. By means of this device we can carry out more operations in less time.
2. The work is going on according to the schedule.
3. The engine didn't operate well because of bad fuel.
4. In order to protect the surface from heat and cold it was covered with special substance.
5. The shorter the lever (рычаг) arm, the greater effort is needed to lift the weight.
6. Both the bridge andthe dam will be completed before the navigation season.
7. You can get to that part of the city either by bus or by the underground.
8. As soon as all the calculations are completed, we will begin the tests.
Вариант 2
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