Ex. 36. Complete the following using the gerund or the infinitive.
1. He has made remarkable progress, we hope him... 2. You don't try... . 3. I am going... . 4. He can't afford... . 5. I am sure that you and he will be able... . 6. I remember he used... . 7. Obviously the only way is... . 8. A few days later he came... . 9. He tried to remember how... . 10. Inside, he lit the gas and began... .11. She did not stop... . 12. She got up and looked quite prepared... . 13. He knew it... . 14. Something terrible is going... . 15. He wanted... . 16. Miss Marple sighed and said, "We all had... . " 17. You want me.. .
GRAMMAR IN USE
Read the story below and find all the gerunds. State their functions.
THE LAST ONE?
After reading an article “Cigarette Smoking Endangers Your Health” I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I kept smoking with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I abstained from smoking, and during this time my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After 7 days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian insisted on my taking a cigarette it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and began smoking with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times.
Answer the questions:
1) What was the headline of the article Mr. Brown read?
2) What impression did it produce on him?
3) Why did he light a cigarette after reading this article?
4) How long did he abstain from smoking?
5) Was his wife pleased that he had given up smoking? Why or why not?
6) Why did his friends keep offering him cigarettes?
7) What did he keep in his pockets? Why?
8) Why did he feel extremely uncomfortable at the party he went to?
9) Who insisted on his taking a cigarette? Why?
10) Was his wife really delighted that Mr. Brown started smoking again?
11) Why do you think Mr. Brown failed to quit smoking?
12) What can we do to help people break the smoking habit?
13) Do you know anyone who tried to give up smoking and succeeded? Tell the class about them.
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14) What advice would you give Mr. Brown?
Read the following articles and answer the questions below.
NURSES CAN HELP PEOPLE GIVE UP SMOKING
Nurses have been urged – as members of a health profession – to study the facts about tobacco and disease and use the information to help their colleagues and patients to break the smoking habit.
Nurses themselves need to change their attitude, because they have not shown a good example to the community or to patients about cigarette smoking says state registered nurse Marjorie Schurer, a health visitor in Bedford.
“They must all be aware of the dangers of lung cancer, but are they aware of the minor complaints of ill health and of the extent to which these are increased in smokers?” she asks in the Nursing Times today.
Ms. Schurer gives the higher rates of ‘minor illnesses ‘ – such as sleeplessness – and also of the major killers, cancer, heart disease and bronchitis, among smokers compared with non-smokers.
She also shows that tuberculosis of the lungs, particularly among older men, is more common in smokers, and that indigestion appears to be commoner among smokers.
“Evidence suggests that persuading expectant mothers not to smoke cigarettes would do more to reduce infant mortality in the UK than any other single action,” she says.
Sources of evidence are given for all her statements of damage from smoking, as are the facts about the harm caused to people who inhale other folk’s smoke.
“Babies of parents who smoke are more prone to pneumonia and bronchitis in the first year of life than those of non-smoking parents,” she says.
Cigarettes kill 7 times more than roads
MAJOR EFFORT URGED TO STOP CHILD SMOKERS
An all-out campaign to prevent children getting the deadly smoking habit is called for today.
It is made by the August ‘Which?’ published by the Consumers’ Association, as one of the conclusions of a major report into the dangers of smoking and the various ways in which people may be persuaded to give it up.
‘Which?’ points out that there are at least seven times as many premature deaths caused by smoking as by road accidents in this country, and that more than one in ten of all cigarette smokers will contract lung cancer, bronchitis or coronary heart disease.
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“The evidence is now inescapable,” says the report. “Smoking is a serious danger to health.”
“Children, in particular, must be persuaded by all possible means not to start smoking, and smokers who are worried about their smoking should make every effort to give up, and should receive all the help and encouragement they need.”
‘Which?’ calls for stronger measures to discourage smoking, including putting up the price of cigarettes. It says that in real terms, cigarettes in Britain have been getting cheaper – they are now about 20 per cent less than in the 1960s.
It says that taxation should also be used to penalize middle tar as well as high tar cigarettes and that there should be stricter control over tobacco advertisements, including the banning of cash tokens.
It also wants further restrictions on smoking in public places, including hospitals, cinemas and on public transport where smoking areas are not completely separate.
The report points out that not only smokers are in danger from inhaling tobacco fumes. Recent research suggests that non-smokers who have been living or working among smokers for over 20 years have poorer lung performance than non-smokers who are not usually exposed to cigarette smoke.
‘Which?’ says that, for children, the message about smoking dangers may be got over most effectively as part of the normal school curriculum, in biology, say, rather than in special campaigns.
The magazine examined the various aids to giving up smoking, including smoking withdrawal clinics, anti-smoking products and acupuncture. It concludes that “nothing replaces the need for will-power and determination.”
By Peter Avis
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