Ex. 8. Match the following definitions with the words given below
1. A person who holds shares in a company; who has invested in a company. 2. Money all businesses and private individuals must pay to the government on their earnings. 3. A request from a customer to receive goods or services. 4. Money that are borrowed from a bank or some individual. 5. Goods allowed to come into the country without being taxed. 6. A sum of money kept in a bank which may be added to or taken from. 7. A system of buying goods or services and paying for them later. 8. Money gained by trade or business. 9. The price at which you can buy and sell foreign currency. 10. A request for information about a product or service prior to placing an order. 11. A contract between the bank and its customer which fixes the rate at which a company exchanges foreign currency so that they do not lose money if the exchange rate changes.
shareholder, exchange rate, forward exchange cover, tax, profit, order, loan, account, enquiry, duty-free, on credit
Ex. 9. Problem solving.
Suppose you want to buy a ton of paper for your printing house. Choose 3 suppliers among your group-mates and send them letters of enquiry. Ask your suppliers: a) about the wholesale price of paper; b) if he can give you a discount in case you buy in bulk (5 tons); c) if he can slightly cut the price in case you pay in cash; d) about the terms and schedule of delivery.
Compare the answers of 3 suppliers and make your choice. 1) Who quoted you the best price? 2) At what price did you finally buy the paper?
Text a
PRICING AND SALES
Read the text replacing Russian words by their English equivalents. Put ten questions to the text.
Before a company can (назначать цену) for goods, they must (принимать во внимание) all their costs: (издержки производства), shipping, insurance, etc. The (сумма) of all these costs is called (общая стоимость). The costing is usually done before a model is produced or exported, so the company must (подсчитывать) their total costs in advance. From these figures they can work out the cost of each model which is called (штучная цена). All the (расчеты) are written on the (калькуляционная ведомость).
The company also takes into account their (прибыль). They will usually allow a (разница между себестоимостью и продажной ценой) of at least 10 percent. So when a company (назначать цену) for a model, they have built into the price their (общая стоимость) and profit margin.
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There are other factors which affect the price of goods, for example the law of (спрос и предложение). If a product (пользоваться спросом) and not many firms can (поставлять) the product, then the company can quote a higher (единичная цена). On the other hand, making goods in large quantities is comparatively (дешевле) than producing goods in small quantities. If there is a big demand for a model, a company can manufacture it in large quantities and they should be able to charge a lower (штучная цена).
Two of the departments in a company which (заниматься) in (ценообразование) and selling goods are (отдел сбыта) and (бухгалтерия). The Sales staff handle the basic forms involved in selling goods (the order and the delivery or advice notes), and the Accounts staff handle the forms involved in charging for goods (the invoice and the statement). The form sent by the buyer requesting goods is the (заказ). The form which accompanies the goods or which is sent to the buyer to tell him to expect the goods is called (транспортная накладная). The buyer signs the delivery note which is then a receipt for the seller to prove the buyer received the goods. (Отдел сбыта) then gives the signed delivery note to the (бухгалтерия) which sends the buyer a bill for the goods. This bill is called an (счет-фактура). Usually the Accounts Department will send the buyer an account each month which shows details of all the financial (сделки) that month. The account is called a financial statement.
Text b
Glossary
1) to hear something on/through the grapevine - to hear news unofficially; 2) to go bust (coll.) - to go bankrupt, to lose all one’s money; 3) tannoy - loudspeaker system for giving messages to the public
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