THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES
The system of higher education in the United States differs from European in certain ways. In the United States, there is a national idea that students who have completed secondary school should have at least two years of university education. That is why there is a great number of “junior colleges” and “community colleges.” They give two years of undergraduate study. Traditional universities and colleges, where a majority of students complete four years of study for a degree. Universities that provide four-year study courses can be funded privately or can have state or city foundations that depend heavily on the government for financial support. Private universities and colleges depend on students payments. The state governments fund the nation’s highly developed system of universities, which give qualified higher education.
In the American system, the four-year, or “bachelor’s,” degree is ordinarily given to students after collecting of course “credits,” or hours of classroom study. The quality of work done in these courses is assessed by continuous record of marks and grades during a course. The completion of a certain number (and variety) of courses with passing grades leads to the “bachelor’s” degree. The first two years of a student’s studies are generally taken up with obligatory courses in a broad range of subjects, also some “elective” courses are selected by the student. In the third and fourth years of study, the student specializes in one or perhaps two subject fields. Postgraduate students can continue advanced studies or research in one of the many graduate schools, which are usually specialized institutions. At these schools students work to get a “master’s” degree (which involves one to two years of postgraduate study) or a doctoral degree (which involves two to four years of study and other requirements).
A distinctive feature of American education is the de-emphasis on lecture and examination. Students are evaluated by their performance in individual courses where discussion and written essays are important. The American model of higher learning was adopted wholesale by the Philippines and influenced the educational systems of Japan and Taiwan after World War II.
Grammar focus
Порядок слов в английском предложении
Упражнение 1
Составьте предложения, поставив слова в правильном порядке
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1. the party/ very much/ enjoyed/ they
2. we won/ easily/ the game.
3. quietly/ the door/ I / closed
4. Diana/quite well/ speaks/German.
5. Tim/ all the time/ television/ watches
6. football/ every weekend/ Ken / plays
7. some money/ he/ borrowed/ from a friend/ of nine
8. job/ learning/ for / English/ your / you / are
9. English/ you/ started/ learning/ in childhood
10. tennis/ often/ plays/ she
11. is / near / school / There / new / a / our / cinema
12. got / my / problem / I / with / have / homework / a
13. when / a / helps / she / thinks / problem / trouble / Mary / has / doll / her / a
14. well / think / your / very / I / don't / father / drives
15. to / we / On / a / restaurant / sometimes / Sundays / go
16. circus / went / with / we / ago / the / Two / my / to / parents / months
17. did / very / The / trick / well / magician / his
18. after / Jim / sister / Mother / look / asked / his / to / younger
19. her / Cindy / you / I / found / Can / tell / that / have / necklace
20. way / on / bike / Mike / on / already / been / his / to / his / school / has
Упражнение 2
Исправьте, если это необходимо, местоположение подлежащего согласно правилу о порядке слов в предложении.
1. Curly hair has her brother.
2. Steve likes cakes.
3. A bad cold has Jessica.
4. It froze hard last night.
5. These exercises I did well.
6. Daddy met me at the station.
7. Those shoes Mar bought at the market.
8. Dinner have they in the big dining-hall.
9. Jim doesn't like very much baseball.
10. Ann drives every day her car to work.
11. When I heard the news, I immediately called Tom.
12. Maria speaks very well English.
13. After eating quickly my dinner, I went out.
14. You watch all the time television.
15. Liz smokes about 20 cigarettes every day.
16. I think I'll go early to bed tonight.
17. You should go to the dentist every six months.
18. We went last night to the movies.
19. We go every summer to the sea in August.
20. In the evening my parents go to the cinema with their friends.
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UNIT 2 CAREER
Planning your career
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