Б) Придумайте свои примеры по аналогии с приведенными выше предложениями
Упражнение 2.
Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на именную и глагольную характеристики герундия.
1 Before the pot was put on the table, something happened that I did not remember having seen in that house or anywhere else. 2. Can you recall having mentioned the fact to anyone? 3. After having been rejected by a dozen magazines, the stories had come to rest in The Globe office. 4. People will talk, there is no preventing it. 5. He spends time telling people of his misfortune. 6. He denied having participated in the race. 7. Travelling abroad can be exciting enough, but just now it is more exciting being here. 8. This is laying the blame at the wrong door. 9. On being told the news she gave a gasp of surprise. 10. The idea is worth considering. 11. On the point of leaving the club Jolyon met the porter. 12. She hated being interviewed. 13. It doesn’t matter being talked about. 14. I felt irritation at being disturbed. 15. Tom was terrified, terrified of having to touch something, and even more, of being touched. 16. Having been deeply offended some years ago she finds it difficult to trust people. 17. Having been bred in that communion was like being born an Englishman. 18. She stopped answering my letters and I wondered what the matter might be. 19. The host broke the awkward silence by inviting the guests to proceed to the dining-room.
Упражнение 3.
Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в нужную форму герундия.
A) In the active or passive voice (non-perfect form).
Example: I like (to laugh) laughing. I hate (to laugh) being laughed at.
1. Why do you avoid (to see) me? 2. He tried to avoid (to see). 3. We insist on (to send) him there at once. 4. He insists on (to send) there instead of me. 5. Do you mind (to examine) the first? 6. He showed no sign of (to know) them. 7. She showed no sign of (to impress). 8. He had the most irritating habit of (to joke) at the wrong moment. 9. I was annoyed at (to interrupt) every other moment. 10. He hated (to remind) people of their duties or (to remind) of his. 11. On (to introduce) they easily fell to (to talk). 12. In (to discuss) the problem they touched upon some very interesting items. 13. The equipment must go through a number of tests before (to install). 14. The operator can set the machine in motion by (to push) the button or (to press) the pedal. 15. The water requires (to filter). 16. The matter is not worth (to speak of).
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Упражнение 4.
Переведите предложения на русский язык, определите функцию герундия в предложениях.
1. We didn't know of his having made the experiment.
2. I understand perfectly your wanting to leave.
3. A sprinter in a 100 meter race may perform work of very high intensity without actually using any oxygen at the time. The device for measuring the strength of the current is called ammeter.
4. The analysis of the phenomenon was very useful in helping us to understand the ways of nature and our ways of looking at it.
5. He succeeded in performing the experiment.
6. Monkeys get from one tree to another by swinging on lianas hundred of times a day.
7. Airplanes and helicopters can become highly electrically charged either from flying through dust or snow or from encountering strong electric fields in clouds.
8. I wonder at Jolyon's allowing the engagement.
9. We can increase the current by reducing the resistance of the circuit. By analyzing the brightness of the luminescence they estimated the amount of bacteria in the leaf.
10. Wash minor wounds and grazes with soap and water and follow this by applying an adhesive dressing
Упражнение 5.
Переведите предложения, включающие герундиальные обороты:
1. But, on this proposal, there is a danger of grave errors being made.
2. There are unmistakable proofs of Singren's having been wrong in his solution.
3. We can hardly object to the author's not referring to those results.
5. The picture of atom's losing electrons was revolutionary at the time of Thomson's discovery.
6. This new procedure has led to the yield of product having dropped essentially.
7. When a fast neutron strikes a nucleus, the probability of its being captured by that nucleus is very small.
8. There is no hope of their obtaining new substantial findings.
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9. Some philosophers have argued that in his choosing between standard and non-standard scales Vitren had no empirical reason to prefer one to the other.
10. Our starting point is the idea of the structure being derived from several sources.
11. The motivation for his resorting to this technique is obvious enough.
12. Grover is limited in his dealing with domains such as natural language.
13. A similar sample is not sufficient for his testing a potential model conclusively determining whether it is correct.
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1
4.1 РЕФЕРАТ И АННОТАЦИЯ
Реферат и аннотация относятся к вторичным документальным источникам научной информации. Это те документы, которые сообщают сведения о первичных документах. Сущность аннотирования и реферирования заключается в максимальном сокращении объема источника информации при сохранении его основного содержания. Осуществляя компрессию первоисточников, аннотация и реферат делают это принципиально различными способами.
Аннотация (от лат.annotatio - замечание) – краткая характеристика содержания произведения печати или рукописи. Она представляет собой предельно сжатую описательную характеристику первоисточника. В ней в обобщенном виде раскрывается тематика публикации без полного раскрытия ее содержания. Аннотация дает ответ на вопрос, о чем говорится в первичном источнике информации.
Реферат (от лат. «refero», что означает «сообщаю») представляет собой краткое изложение в письменном виде или в форме публичного доклада содержания научного труда (трудов) литературы по теме с раскрытием его основного содержания по всем затронутым вопросам, сопровождаемое оценкой и выводами референта. Он должен дать читателю объективное представление о характере освещаемой работы, изложить наиболее существенные моменты ее содержания.
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