I. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
Vocabulary
auxiliary [ɔ:g'zɪlɪ (ə)rɪ] вспомогательный
to cool [ku:l] охлаждать
tube [tju:b] труба, трубка
outside [‘aut’saɪd] внешний, наружный; снаружи
condenser [kən’densə] конденсатор
switchboard [‘swɪtʃbɔ:d] распределительный щит
noiselessly [‘nɔɪzlɪslɪ] бесшумно
to pollute [pə’lu:t] загрязнять, осквернять
dangerous [‘deɪndʒrəs] опасный
to attend [ə’tend] посещать, присутствовать
to shield [ʃɪ:ld] защищать, заслонять; щит
concrete [‘kɔnkri:t] бетонный; бетон
accident [‘æksɪdent] авария, катастрофа
The Atomic Power Plant (1)
Atomic power plants are modern installations. They consist of several main units and a great numbers of auxiliary ones.
In a nuclear reactor uranium is utilized as a fuel. During operation process powerful heart and radioactive radiation are produced. The nuclear reactor is cooled by water circulation. Cooling water circulates through a system of tubes, in which the water is heated to a temperature of 250–300 0C. In order to prevent boiling of water, it passes into the reactor at a pressure up to 150 atmospheres.
A steam generator includes a series of heart exchangers comprising tubes. The water hearted in the reactor is delivered into the heat exchanger tubes. The water to be converted into steam flows outside these tubes. The steam produced is fed into the turbogenerator.
Besides, an atomic power plant comprises a common turbogenerator, a steam condenser with circulating water and a switchboard.
Atomic power plants have their advantages as well as disadvantages. Their reactors and steam generators operate noiselessly; the atmosphere is not polluted by dust and smoke. As to the fuel consumption, it is of no special importance and there is no problem of fuel transportation.
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The disadvantage of power plants utilizing nuclear fuel is their radiation. Radioactive radiation produced in the reactors is dangerous for attending personnel. Therefore, the reactors and steam generators are installed underground. All their controls are operated by means of automatic devices. These measures serve to protect people from radioactive radiation.
But still there were some accidents, as it was at Chernobyl Atom Power Station in Ukraine. The radioactive radiation of that accident has spread over the vast territory.
II. Translate the following expressions:
energy rich area, smoke and dust polluted air, oil cooled device, steam utilizing machine, air heat exchanger, water cooling, cooling water, fuel polluted atmosphere, heat and water circulation, smoke shield, water poor area, air pollution, fluctuation, pressure due to the flow of wind, to convert fission, to range, to amount (to).
III. Test. Choose the correct variant:
1. A nuclear reactor is used in …
a) wind-power plants.
b) atomic power plants.
2. A nuclear reactor is cooled by …
a) water circulating in tubes.
b) oil circulating in tubes.
3. Water is passed into the reactor …
a) at a low pressure.
b) at a high pressure.
4. High pressure …
a) activates boiling of water.
b) prevents boiling of water.
5. Atomic power plants …
a) pollute the air with dust and smoke.
b) do not Pollute the air with dust and smoke.
6. Circulating water flows …
a) inside the heat exchanges.
b) outside the heat exchanges.
7. Attending personnel is shielded by …
a) thick concrete walls.
b) thick metal walls.
8. The atomic power stations …
a) are important structural elements in power engineering.
b) secure a high degree of power concentration.
c) are equipped with powerful generating units.
d) are an important modern source of electricity.
IV. Answer the following questions:
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1. What are atomic power plants?
2. What do they consist of?
3. What is the fuel for atomic power plants?
4. Is nuclear fuel widely used nowadays?
5. What is produced during operation process with nuclear fuel?
6. To what temperature is the water heated in a system of tubes during operation process?
7. What is the nuclear reactor cooled by?
8. What is the water passed through (into) the reactor for?
9. At what pressure is the water passed into the reactor?
10. What kind of cooling is popular at electric power plants and at atomic electric power plants?
11. Where is the produced steam fed into?
12. Does the water converted into steam flow outsider or inside the tubes?
13. What does an atomic power plants comprise?
14. Do atomic power plants pollute the air?
15. What air is bad for one’s health?
16. What are the advantages of atomic power station?
17. What is the main disadvantage of atomic power plants?
18. Where are the reactors and steam generators installed? And why?
19. How are all the controls operated?
Text 8.
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