II. Finish the following sentences according to the text.
1) The composition of natural gas varies …
2) The chief component of gas is …
3) Some geologists theorize that natural gas is …
4) Others think it may be …
5) Natural gas is used extensively as an illuminant and a fuel because of its…
6) One of the earliest attempts to harness it for economic use occurred in…
7) Liquefied natural gas is natural gas that has been …
III. Answer the following questions:
1) What is natural gas?
2) What is its chief component?
3) Does it occur in petroleum deposits only?
4) What are the main theories of gas origin?
5) What are its main properties?
6) Natural gas wasn’t known to the ancients, was it?
7) What was their idea about its origin?
8) When did the first attempt to harness it for economic use take place?
9) What is LNG?
10) What made the production and transport of LNG commercially feasible?
IV. Find in the text and put down key words to speak about natural gas.
Text 5.
I. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
Vocabulary
powerplant [’pauərplænt] электростанция
to generate ['dʒenə‚reɪt] производить, порождать
to comprise[kəm’praız] охватывать, заключать в себе to rotate ['rəuteɪt] вращать(ся)
to actuate [‘æktυeɪt] побуждать
to require [rɪ'kwaɪə] требовать
to obtain [əb’teın] достигать
due to [dj u:] вследствие, благодаря
capacity [kə'pæsətɪ] мощность
to install [ɪn'stɔ:l] устанавливать, проводить
|
|
|
to utilize['ju:tə‚laɪz] использовать, утилизировать
to estimate ['estəmeɪt] оценивать
consumption [kən'sʌmpʃən] потребление, расход
Electric power plants
Electric power is generated at electric power plants. The main unit of an electric plant comprises a prime mover and the generator which it rotates.
In order to actuate the prime mover energy is required. Many different sources of energy are in use nowadays. To these sources belong heat obtained by burning fuels, pressure due to the flow of air (wind), solar heat, etc. According to the kind of energy used by the prime mover, power plants are divided into groups. Thermal, hydraulic (water-power) and wind plants form these groups. According to the kind of prime mover, electric power plants are classed as:
a) Steam turbine plants, where steam turbines serve as prime movers. The main generating units at steam turbine plants belong to the modern, high-capacity class of power plants.
b) Steam engine plants, in which the prime mover is a piston-type steam engine.
Nowadays no large generating plants of industrial importance are constructed with such prime movers. They are used only for local power supply.
c) Diesel-engine plants: in them diesel internal combustion engines are installed. These plants are also of small capacity, they are employed for local power supply.
d) Hydroelectric power plants employ water turbines as prime movers. Therefore they are called hydroturbine plants. Their main generating unit is the hydrogenerator. Modern wind-electric power plants utilize various turbines; these plants as well as the small capacity hydroelectric power plants are widely used in agriculture.
II. Translate the following word combinations:
a) solar heat, solid fuel, steam engine, combustion engine, wind power, solar generator.
b) hydraulic power plant, steam turbine plant, wind power plant, diesel internal combustion engine, small capacity hydroelectric power plant, local power supply.
|
|
|
III. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions.
because of, in addition to, according to, in spite of, due to, by means of, as to
1. Things fall under their own weight with an acceleration…… gravity.
2. …the modern theory electrons can revolve only in definite orbits around the nucleus.
3. …its usefulness a direct current systems have one great disadvantage.
4. Any moving body will continue to move …its inertia .
5. …instruments measuring current and voltage there are devices for measuring energy.
6. The energy of falling water is transformed into electric energy … hydraulic turbines.
7. … metals they differ greatly in the ease with which electrons can be made to move from atom to atom.
8. The problem was whether the element can be arranged … that law.
9. … magnetic effects, dynamos are able to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy with a loss of only a few per cent.
IV. Test. Choose the correct variant:
1. An electric power plant …
a) transmits electric energy.
b) generates electric energy.
2. Prime movers use energy of …
a) one kind.
b) various kinds.
3. Steam engine plants serve for …
a) industrial power supply.
b) local power supply.
4. Combustion engines are employed in …
a) diesel- engine plants.
b) steam engine plants.
V. Answer the questions:
1. What plants generate electric energy?
2. What kinds of energy do prime movers employ?
3. What sources of energy are in use today?
4. What power plants do you know?
5. How are plants with different kinds of prime movers called?
6. What are main generating units at steam turbine plants?
7. In what plants are combustion engines employed?
8. What are diesel- engine plants?
9. How are plants employing water turbines called?
10. Where are wind-electric power plants widely used?
Text 6.
Дата добавления: 2021-01-21; просмотров: 242; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!