VI. Find key words and phrases which best express the general meaning of each paragraph.
VII. Make a report on the Text “The Pros and Cons of Alternative Energy”.
VIII. Discuss with your groupmates or in pairs:
1) What are the advantages and disadvantages of alternative energy sources?
2) What are the prospects of alternative energy sources harnessing in Khakasia? (Find out additional information).
Text 2.
I. Read the following international words and give their Russian equivalents:
radiator ['reɪdɪeɪtə]
minimize ['mɪnɪmaɪz]
comfortable ['kʌmfətəbl]
maximize ['mæksɪmaɪz]
system ['sɪstəm]
collector [kə'lektə]
technology [tek'nɔlədʒɪ]
effectively [ɪ'fektɪvlɪ]
financial [faɪ'nænʃəl]
industry ['ɪndəstrɪ]
II. Read the text and be ready to do exercises that follow it.
Vocabulary
Inexhaustible неиссякаемый
fossil fuel ископаемое топливо
to pollute загрязнять
to threaten public health угрожать общественному здоровью
global warming глобальное потепление
to contribute содействовать, вносить вклад
to capture the sun’s heat удерживать солнечное тепло
to tap a resource улавливать (принимать) ресурс
to heat a space отапливать (нагревать) помещение
to power a system запускать систему
passive solar design пассивная солнечная технология
photovoltaic cells фотогальванический элемент
solar water heater солнечный водонагреватель
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solar space heater солнечный обогреватель
to compete with smth. конкурировать с кем-л.
to penetrate a market проникать на рынок
to provide electricity снабжать электричеством
hot water system система горячего водоснабжения
to be poised for smth. быть готовым к чему-л.
How Solar Energy Works
Solar energy is free und inexhaustible. This vast, clean energy resource represents a viable alternative to fossil fuels that currently pollute our air and water, threaten our public health, and contribute to global warming. Solar energy can be used to directly generate heat, lighting and electricity.
Passive solar design for buildings. One simple, obvious use of solar energy is to light our buildings. If properly designed, buildings can capture the sun’s heat in winter and minimize it in summer, while using daylight year-round. Buildings designed in such a way are utilizing passive solar energy – a resource that can be tapped without mechanical means to help heat, cool, or light a building. South-facing windows, skylights, awnings and shade trees with the sun in mind can be comfortable and beautiful places to live and work.
Solar heat collectors. Besides using design features to maximize their use of the sun, some buildings have systems that actively gather and store solar energy. Solar collectors, for example, sit on rooftops of buildings to collect solar energy for space heating, water heating, and space cooling. Most are large, flat boxes painted black on the inside and covered with glass. In the most common design, pipes in the box carry liquids that transfer the heat from the box into the building. This heated liquid – usually a water-alcohol mixture to prevent freezing – is used to heat water in a tank or is passed through radiators that heat the air. Oddly enough, solar heat can also power a cooling system. Today, about 1,5 million U. S. homes and businesses use solar water heaters. In other countries, solar collectors are much more common; Israel requires all new homes and apartments to use solar water heating, and 92 % of the existing homes in Cyprus already have solar water heaters. With natural gas prices at historically high levels, solar water and space heaters have become much more economic.
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The future of solar energy. Solar energy technologies are poised for significant growth in the 21st century. More and more architects and contractors are recognizing the value of passive solar and learning how to effectively incorporate it into building designs. Solar hot water systems can compete economically with conventional systems in some areas. And as the cost of solar photovoltaic cells continues to decline, these systems will penetrate increasingly larger markets. In fact, the solar photovoltaic industry aims to provide half of all new U.S. electricity generation by 2025.
Aggressive financial incentives in Germany and Japan have made these countries global leaders in solar development for years.
III. Give the English equivalents about the text:
солнечная энергия, жизнеспособная альтернатива, производить непосредственно, при надлежащем проектировании, активно накапливать и сохранять, нагретая жидкость, водно-спиртовой раствор, предотвращать замораживание, значительный рост, осознавать ценность, традиционные системы
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1) Solar energy is used to directly generate heat.
2) Skylights, south-facing windows are the examples of passive solar energy.
3) Solar collectors are installed on the roofs of buildings to accumulate solar energy for heating.
4) Solar collectors use a water-alcohol mixture to prevent drying up.
5) About 1,5 million German homes and enterprises use solar water heaters currently.
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6) Solar hot water systems have become a good alternative to conventional systems in some areas.
7) The purpose of the solar PV industry is to provide half of all new U.S. electricity generation by 2035.
V. Answer the following questions and give examples:
1) What are the main advantages of solar energy?
2) What does solar energy contribute to?
3) What is an obvious use of sunlight for buildings?
4) What are the systems that gather and store solar energy?
5) What countries with active harnessing of solar power for buildings do you know?
6) What are the prospects of solar energy technologies in the nearest future?
7) What countries are leaders in solar development?
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