R ead and translate the text and use it in your own speech:
Great Britain
Great Britain is the heart of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Great Britain has ranked among the leading nations of the world for more than 500 years. The British people have been leaders in many fields – in science, exploration, government, and arts. The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The island of Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales. Northern Ireland, which covers about one fifth of Ireland also is a part of the United kingdom. London is the capital and largest city.
The face of the land varies from one part of the country to another. Great manufacturing cities and thriving farms lie on the green plains of England. Deposits of coal and other valuable minerals are mined in the steep hills and mountains of Wales. The Scottish Lowlands support manufacturing and shipbuilding industries. The low grasslands and mild climate of Northern Ireland provide excellent grazing for livestock.
Great Britain became a world power about 250 years ago, when England was united with Scotland and Wales, but the British people have many traditions that go back thousands of years. They are deeply devoted to the Royal family and their form of government.
Language work.
1) Say the sentences using modal verbs in the past actions.
1. He may… not to come. (decide)
2. I might … the keys in the office. (leave)
3. There must … 10 of them in the car. (be)
4. There should … you your money back long ago. (give)
5. I’m sorry, I shouldn’t … at you. (shout)
6. They ought … the police when it happened. (call)
7. Yes, I know. I should … more time studying. (spend)
8. We shouldn’t … such a big car. (buy)
9. I shouldn’t … him of lying. (accuse)
10. He really should … you – though to be fair he’s been very busy. (call)
11. The windows needn’t … today. (clean)
12. We shouldn’t … those shares. (sell)
13. This information should … to the tax authorities two years ago. (give)
14. I shouldn’t … such a valuable air ticket.
15. Someone could … mu money. (steal)
2) Translate from Russian into English using modal verbs:
1. Він повинен підготувати рахунок до наступного понеділка?
2. Чи повинна я сидіти в готелі весь час?
3. Це, мабуть, важка задача.
4. Ти мусиш написати їй хорошого листа.
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5. Чи дійсно мені погодитися з цією пропозицією?
6. Хіба ти не мусиш інколи навідувати своїх старих батьків?
7. Що ж мені робити? Яким чином я повинна прийняти участь в цій справі?
8. О котрій годині повинен прибути автобус з Ліверпуля?
9. Вам не потрібно йти туди зараз.
10. Я змушений був економити гроші, щоб заплатити за своє навчання.
Lesson 12
1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:
Electronics Helps Men
Our age has been called a variety of things: the Space Age, the Electronic Age, the Atomic Age, etc. One of them, however, is very exact and that is the age of Automation.
Automation is considered to be the highest stage in the development of technology. It has made the development of rocket production and nuclear industry possible. Automation is known to be very effective in continuous cycle production rolled stock production and operation of thermal and hydropower plants. Automation of production processes is impossible without automatic control; the required machines based on electronic computations. Electronic computing techniques find broad application in many spheres and are a basis for the development of modern program-controlled machine tools and the controlling of spaceship flights. The following can be given as examples of how electronics helps man.
The letters at the General Post Office are now handled by electronic automats. Not long ago hundreds of women sorted letters arriving from all the world by hand. Now, one girl sits at a control panel watching a screen which is like that of a television set. The address appears on the screen and the girl having read the number of the post office to which the letter is addressed presses the necessary button and the envelope is conveyed to the mail bag which is then taken to the post office indicated on the envelope.
A number of higher learning establishments are installing electronic data processing systems for the counting of educational data. Automatic translating machines, computer-based teaching devices and other different applications of computer technology are the things which help people in their life, work and study.
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2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
A variety of things; the age of Automation; the highest stage; production processes; automatic control; electronic computations; computing techniques; program-controlled machine; presses the necessary button; educational data.
3. Translate into English:
1. Минулої зими я вперше в житті бачив сніг. 2. Я знаю Джона багато років. 3. Що ви вже вивчили з того часу як приїхали сюди навчатися? 4. Сподіваюся, ви вже познайомилися з багатьма цікавими людьми. 5. Ви багато мандруєте? Які країни ви вже відвідали? 6. Я бачив Тома вчора, а сьогодні я його не бачив. 7. Шляхи закрито. Сталася аварія. 8. Було тепло, тому я зняв пальто. 9. Кейт не була голодна, тому вона нічого не їла. 10. – Привіт! Ви що, тільки-но приїхали? 11. Дощ уже припинився? 12. Я написав листа, але ще не відправив його. 13. З Різдва стоїть гарна погода. 14. Мені завжди хотілося мандрувати різними країнами. 15. Два роки тому я відвідав Південну Африку.
4. Define which form of will or going to is correct in the following sentences:
1. – Oh! I’ve spilled coffee on my shirt. – Just a minute. I (get) a damp cloth for you. 2. – What do you want to be when you are grown up? – I (be) an astronaut. 3. Do you mind if turn the TV off? I (have) a long distance call, and it’s hard to hear when the TV is on. 4. – Who wants to clean the board? Are there any volunteers?- I (do) it! 5. – Why do you have an eraser in your hand? – I (erase) the mistakes. 6. I think the weather (be) nice later. 7. Look at those black clouds. It (rain). 8. I feel terrible. I think I (be sick).
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