C. Choose and fill in the necessary form of the Participle. Define the function of the Participle in the sentence. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. The meeting of the Committee (calling / called) by Jim Gardner two days later was a particularly strong one.
2. Show me the agreements (receiving / received) yesterday.
3. In rural areas there is less access to goods, services and facilities, (made/making) life difficult in many respects.
4. The figures (mentioned / having been mentioned) in his report are (publishing / published) in this journal.
5. Urgent steps are necessary to achieve better knowledge of extreme poverty and its causes, (included/including) those related to the programm of development
6. (Having been read / having read) much on this matter he could make an interesting report.
7. The guarantee (presenting / presented) by the firm is (signed / signing) by the bank manager.
8. The following table shows the position of each of the developing countries in August on the date (having indicated / indicated)
9. The proposals are in accordance with the agreement (enclosing / enclosed).
10. He didn`t usually utter a word unless (speaking to / spoken to).
11. With some show of reluctance I made Tom (requiring/required) promise.
12. (Having examined/examined) the Charter the President signed it.
D. Do it in English
1. Не получив предупрежден о совещании, он не мог представить никаких документов.
2. Мирные договоренности, применяемые в общегосударственном масштабе, важны для обороны страны.
3. Будучи введёнными в действие, все ограничительные меры держат мировую торговлю в определенных пределах (лимитируют), снижая общее количество произведенных товаров и услуг.
4. Отправив специалистам форума всю необходимую информацию, мы надеялись на то, что лингвисты правильно ее переведут.
5. Выступив посредником, ООН реанимировала давно разорванные дипломатические отношения между двумя странами.
6. Приняв во внимание всю серьезность угрозы для мирового сообщества, страны договорились о проведении целого раунда переговоров.
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7. Выслушав доводы, члены комиссии решили восстановить прежнюю позицию.
8. Отказав беженцам в правах и защите, правительство вызвало волну недовольства со стороны своих граждан.
9. Ратифицировав договор, президенты отправились на встречу с прессой.
10. Приняв во внимание все особенности взаимоотношений между двумя сторонами, активисты предложили еще несколько вариантов выхода из трудной ситуации.
What do we call misrelated participles?
A participle is considered to belong to the noun/pronoun which precedes it (which usually, but not necessarily, is the subject of the main verb). If there is no noun/pronoun in this position the participle is considered to belong to the subject of the following main verb.
| We require a solution of the problem based on peaceful initiatives. | Мы требуем решения проблемы, основанной на мирных инициативах. |
| Believing that he is alone, the man expressed his thoughts aloud. | Полагая, что он один, мужчина озвучил свои мысли. |
If this principle is disregarded confusion results.
| Wrong | Correct |
| Climbing down the tree, one of the branches broke. | As he was climbing down the tree, one of the branches broke |
| When using this machine it must be remembered. | When using this machine you must remember... |
Exercise 1. Correct the sentences with misrelated participles. Sometimes only a change of order is required.
Model:
Incorrect form:
Reading the letter a second time, the meaning becomes clearer.
Correct form:
When I read the letter a second time, the meaning becomes clearer.
1. Misunderstanding the question, the wrong answer was sent in.
2. Written in large letters they read the words “No entry”.
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3. When paying by cheque, a bank card should be shown.
4. Leaving the cinema, it seemed to him that the film had been exceptionally bad.
5. When driving carelessly it is easy to have an accident.
6. Wondering where to go, an advertisement caught my eye.
7. Falling from such a height, we thought he would never survive.
8. Writing my name in the hotel register, a familiar voice attracted my attention.
9. Having paid my taxes, the amount left in the bank is hardly worth mentioning.
10.Weakened by his last illness, I felt sure that another winter in this country would kill him.
5. What is the meaning of the structure to have (get) something done?
have + object + past participle
We use the causative structure to have (get) something done to talk about something which we arrange for someone else to do for us:
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