Model 1: Mr. Roberts was examining the document. Mr. Thorn saw him.
– Mr. Thorn saw him examining the document.
1. She was informing the press. I heard her.
I heard _________________________________________________ .
2. The chief executive of the government was instructing the subordinates. He was seen.
The clerks were seen ________________________________ .
3. He was reading the above mentioned document. Mr. Ray saw it.
Mr. Ray saw ____________________________________________.
4. The authorities were looking through the proposals very thoughtfully.
The secretary noticed that.
The secretary noticed _________________________________________.
5. The officials were examining budget carefully. The visitors of the Senate watched it.
The visitors of the Senate watched _______________________ .
Model 2: Mr. Roberts examined the document. Mr. Thorn saw him.
– Mr. Thorn saw him examine the document.
1. The typist said the amendments were attached. She was heard.
The typist was heard _______________________________________.
2 They discussed the ways of ruling the country. I listened to them.
I listened ______________________________________________ .
3. One of the officials told a lie. Everybody heard it.
Everybody heard __________________________________________.
4. She made a lot of spelling mistakes typing a resolution. The boss noticed it.
The boss noticed ________________________________________.
5. The authority body examined the documents. We saw it.
We saw ________________________________________________.
Model 3: The document was examined. Mr. Thorn watched it.
Mr. Thorn watched the document examined.
1. The documents were handled. They saw it.
They saw the documents__________________ .
2. The secretary packed the files. I saw it.
I saw the files______________ .
3. The Charter was signed. He watched it.
He watched the Charter_____________ .
4. The budget has been approved.
We looked at the budget ___________ .
5. The Government is going to set up a separate divisions to handle public funds.
The officials heard _______________ .
Model 4: Mr. Grant wanted John to comment on the alterations made.
- Mr. Grant asked John to comment on it.
- Mr. Grant asked for the commentary.
- Mr. Grant asked for the commentary to be made.
1. The authorities wanted the Parliament to draw up a new policy of the country urgently.
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2. The electoral colleges required the President and Vice President to be elected.
3. I’d like the Cabinet to provide materials as soon as possible.
4. We ordered the Parliament secretary to set the letter of inquiry.
5. The officials expected Supply Estimates to be published.
What is Complex Subject and when do we use it?
The subject of the sentence is sometimes expressed by a noun (or pronoun) and an Infinitive which follows the predicate. Although the noun (or pronoun) and the Infinitive do not stand together, they are closely connected and form a Complex Subject, which is used:
a. with verbs expressing permission, request, intention, order, compulsion[5] such as allow, permit, suffer, order, command, compel, force, make, request, mean, intend, etc.
The files were requested to be ready by 7 o’clock.
They were ordered to cancel the meeting.
b. with verbs expressing perception of the senses, such as hear, see, feel, etc.
They were seen to take out a policy at the Lloyds.
c. with verbs of mental perception, such as expect, know, believe, deny, etc.
He was believed to have a permit.
d. with verbs of saying and reporting , such as say, report, state, pronounce etc.
This country is said to be set up a new reserves fund.
e. with such verbs as seem, appear, happen, prove, chance, etc., and with expressions to be sure (certain, uncertain, likely, unlikely. Here the predicate is in the Active Voice:
He appears to be very skilled.
Exercise 4
A. Complete the following sentences using a Complex Subject.
a) with the verb “ turn out “.
1. They hired him but he___________________ (to be quite unfit for it).
2. We approved what we thought the perfect White Paper but it ________ (to contain some mistakes).
3. The House of Commons __________ to indicate confidence in the new government when it votes on the Speech from the Throne (to get its first chance).
b) with the verb “happen”.
1. 1. They __________ (to pick the wrong person for the current position).
2. 27 amendments _________ (to be added to original text of the Constitution).
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3. The Lords ________ (to fail to veto the "money bills" or major manifesto promises).
c) with the expression “to be (un)likely)”.
1. The authors of social identity theory state that purely interpersonal behaviour ______ to be found in realistic social situations
2. Workers ______ to go on a strike. They are dissatisfied with the management’s social policy.
3. The government department ______ to be responsible for broad control of public finance.
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