A . Complete these sentences so that they refer to other people.
Model: I don’t want to speak to the manager. I want Tom to speak to him.
1. He doesn’t expect to explain the role of the government. He expects the specialist ____________ .
2. I don’t want to evaluate the contribution of the British financial institutions. I’d like an expert _________ it.
3. You won’t listen to me. How many times do I have to ask you ____?
4. She doesn’t want anyone to know about clouds loom on the horizon. She’d hate anybody _______ .
5. I can’t draw up a special contract myself. I need a lawyer ________ .
6. We can’t provide funds to support this unexpected proposal. Perhaps our partners can help us ____________________ .
7. We don’t want to follow the convention. We want you ______.
B. Rewrite these sentences to begin with the words in italics.
Model: He’d like to remit some money to his “old country”.
He can’t afford it.
He can’t afford to remit some money.
1. The British government must review and carry forward its public expenditure plans in the Public Expenditure Survey. It intends. _______________________
2. He’ll send figures for different spending authorities and for economic categories. He’s offering. __________ _____ __.
3. He wants to analyze spendings. He’s just applied. ____ _ ___________________.
4. The survey? I refuse. ______________________________
5. The country didn’t achieve an universal franchise. It failed. _______________________________ .
6. Can you inspect the government expenditures next month? Can you manage _______________________________?
7. The Secretary of State is responsible whether spending is carried out by Central government, local authorities or public corporations. It offers ______________.
8. He would suffer a complete loss. He couldn’t afford it. ____________ .
9. Services remained the dominant component of the economy in this country. Can you imagine? _______________________.
10. Approval of Parliament to tax the subjects was a must. The King of England was required it. __________________________.
C. Supply suitable infinitive forms for the verbs given in brackets.
Model: Let’s buy Japanese technology . (buy)
1. He made me _________ the mess. (to clear up)
2. We thought that we had better ______ to allocate all resources in a proper way. (to try)
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3. Mary would sooner _____ than _____ him for another penny. (to starve, to ask)
4. “What makes you ______ that someone from the local community ought to go up and give us an opinion of the environment issues?”(to think)
5. Sally is sure there’s nobody in the world she would rather _____ with or ______ greater respect for. (to work, to have)
6. You had better ________ the way of life, Peter. (to change)
7. Do let’s ____ somewhere a little more forward-looking! Or I would rather ______! (to go, to die)
8. Let us _____ the standards of local communities. (to meet)
9. What made you _____ that their requirements were reasonable? (to think)
10. I watched the Committee __________ the US budget. (to present)
11. They saw Parliament members _______ Supply Estimates (to approve)
12. Mr. Brown had the secretary ______ him the proposal for the submitting. (to bring)
13. Let us ________ the interest payments on the national debt. (to consider)
14. Let the British Queen ______ the country! (rule)
15. Trade Unions will make us ____ working conditions. (improve)
D. Rewrite these sentences in the passive voice.
1. He made me repeat the instructions. I __________________________ .
2. He saw the passer-by begin to cross the road. The passer-by_______________ .
3. The Chief Executive Officer reluctantly let me go on a leave. I_______ ___________________________.
4. We must send him an Autumn Statement in October. He _________________ .
5. I advised him to ask for a sketchy report of the government’s intentions. He _____________ .
6. The bank robbers made the cashier show them how to open the safe. The cashier _______________________________________________ .
7. She saw the visitor fill in the application form. The visitor _________ .
8. The police made him sign a paper admitting his offence against the regulations. He ___________________________________________ .
9. They let us read the details of the plans and the aims of government expenditure in an annual White Paper. We _____________________ .
10. I watched the art of running state affairs in this country. The art of running state affairs _______________.
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e. Complete the sentences using an object +to-infinitive after the verbs.
Model 1: Take out an all-risks policy. My partner advised me to take out an all-risks policy .
1. She informed us that the form of the political system is very closely tied to the economic system of the country. You told ________________________ .
2. We work hard. Our instructor taught _________________________ .
3. International society theory focuses on the shared norms and values of states and how they regulate international relations. This theory offers ____________________.
4. The head of the department wants to send detailed plans for a specific period of time. His experts advised ______ .
5. Citizens can’t take more than a specified amount of money with them when they travel abroad. The government forbids ___________ .
6. Doreen’s score is high and she will go to Green Coats, one of the principle schools in London. Her high score entitles _____________ .
7. We have allocated the planned public expenditure to Central government, to local authorities, to nationalized industries and other public corporations. They acknowledged ______________________ .
8. A monarch acted as head of state within the parameters of a constitution. The regulations prescribed _________________.
9. It gives you the legal right to vote in your country’s elections. You are allowed ______________________________.
10. The oldest male child of a monarch is the next in line to the throne. He is supposed ________________.
A
1. I heard the partners had signed / sign a mutually advantageous contract.
2. John noticed Sally be / was very pale and excited.
3. Kevin saw a new visitor enclose / enclosed a statement with the letter.
4. I hear the head of the department reported / report on the expenditure against budget.
5. I felt something crawl / crawled on my back.
6. We feel this offer threatens / threaten the future of our firm.
7. I see someone got / get away from prison this morning. It’s in today’s news.
8. A society can enable its members to benefit/ benefit in ways that would not otherwise be possible on an individual basis.
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9. The UK appears to be / was the 6th largest economy in the world according to nominal GDP.
10. We heard the British way to full democracy be / being paved with severities and a lot of political effort.
3. Is the infinitive or the ing-form used after the verbs of perception?
a. The bare infinitive generally refers to the complete action:
I watched the secretary type a letter on a paper with a printed letterhead.
(i.e. from start to finish)
b. The -ing form generally refers to an action in progress:
I watched the secretary typing a letter on a paper with a printed letterhead. (i.e. I saw part of the action)
c. We may use hear, observe, perceive, see in the passive + -ing or a to-infinitive:
She was seen executing the commitments.
She was seen to execute the commitments.
d. We may also use Past Participle as a part of Complex object:
The representative of Green Peace watched the Charter signed.
Exercise 3
Join these pairs of sentences, deciding if to use a bare infinitive or -ing.
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