Work in a small group and give your definition of a robot
A robot is ………. that ………………., for example ……………….. .
9 Read the text and find the definition of robot.
define vопределять, давать определение
conundrum n головоломка, загадка
implication n значение, смысл; have implications for повлиять на
obstacle n препятствие
embody v воплощать
in turn в свою очередь
core adj ключевой, основной
When you hear the word “robot,” the first thing that probably comes to mind is a metallic humanoid, like C-3PO. But there’s also the Roomba, and autonomous drones, and technically also self-driving cars. A robot can be a lot of things these days.
With so many different kinds of robots, how do you define what one is? It's a physical thing―engineers agree on that, at least. But ask three different roboticists to define a robot and you’ll get three different answers. This isn't a trivial semantic conundrum: Thinking about what a robot really is has implications for how humanity deals with the unfolding robo-revolution.
I’d like you to think about two drones. One you have to pilot yourself, and the other is autonomous, taking off, navigating obstacles, and landing all on its own. Are these both robots? Nope.
“I would say that a robot is a physically embodied artificially intelligent agent that can take actions that have effects on the physical world,” says roboticist Anca Dragan of UC Berkeley. According to that definition, a robot has to make decisions that in turn make it useful―that is, avoiding things like running itself into trees. So your dumb, cheapo RC quadcopter is no more a robot than an RC car. An autonomous drone, however, is a thinking agent that senses and interacts with its world. It’s a robot.
Intelligence, then, is a core component of what makes a robot a robot and not a wind-up toy. Kate Darling, a roboticist at the MIT Media Lab, agrees. “My definition of a robot, given that there is no very good universal definition, would probably be a physical machine that's usually programmable by a computer that can execute tasks autonomously or automatically by itself,” she says. “What a lot of people tend to follow is this sense, think, act paradigm." An RC drone can act, but only because you order it to. It can’t sense its environment or think about its next action. An autonomous drone, however, can do all three. It’s a physical embodiment of an artificial intelligence.
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Read the text again and choose the right answer.
1) What is the main attribute of a robot?
a. a microchip
b. remote control
c. intelligence
d. a motor
2) A remote control drone is not a robot because …
a. it is cheap
b. it can’t make decisions
c. it is not reliable
d. it has no practical use
GRAMMAR: The complex object
Answer these questions in pairs. Do you agree on everything?
1) Factory workers expect robots to steal their jobs.
2) People love watching robots perform difficult tasks.
3) We want robots to look like human beings.
4) Robots will cause people to degenerate intellectually.
5) Humanoid robots make us feel uncomfortable.
How will you translate the sentence: Industry workers expect robots to steal their jobs?
- Рабочие ожидают роботов, чтобы занять их рабочие места.
- Рабочие ожидают, что роботы займут их рабочие места.
Во всех 5 предложениях выше используется конструкция Сложное дополнение ( Complex object )
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