What does medical education in the UK include?
What is a UK medical school?
At what age do the UK students begin their medical studies?
How long does it take to get medical education?
What is the application process?
What are the two types of delivering medical education?
Why was PBL introduced into the UK medical school curriculum?
What are the traditional courses divided into?
What degrees may the medical students get after graduation?
When can they begin their independent medical practice?
Speaking
1. Which of the sentences are true?
Which of the sentences are true for your country?
a) Entry to British medical schools is very competitive.
b) There is no need for balance between PBL and LBL.
c) The medical education takes five years which consist of 2 years of preclinical training in an academic environment and 3 years of clinical training at a teaching hospital.
d) British medical students don’t study the Methods of Clinical Examination.
e) British medical students have practical training in teaching hospitals.
f) After the final examination the students do not obtain any degree.
g) After the internship a young doctor obtains a ‘Certificate of Experience.’
2. Work with a partner. You are going to compare medical education in Russia and Great Britain.
You can start with the following:
| LANGUAGE TOOLBOX | |
| What the systems have in common is…. The similar aspects are….. Both in Russia and in Great Britain….| | The major difference is… Unlike (the British system of medical training)…. In contrast to (the Russian students)… |
3. Work with a partner. This time you are going to act out a conversation between a Russian student and an English one. Be sure to use the following:
| The curriculum To occupy five years Pre-clinical subjects Clinical work Tuition fees Financial assistance Grants To be available | Methods of clinical examination History taking clinical subjects Teaching hospitals To attend a ward round Final exams Sessionals Oral and written tests |
You can use phrases from app.1
REVISION EXERCISES
1. Fill in the gaps.
1. _______am a student of the medical school.
2. He often writes to ___parents.
3. Does ________help her brother?
4. She likes _______work very much.
5. The students usually have ________exams in January and in June.
6. Give____your pen, please. Thank______
2. Match the beginnings and the endings to make questions.
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| What… Who…. Which… Whose… When… Where… How… Why… | …pen is on the table? …of the exercises is more difficult? … do you read every day? …does your first lesson begin? …does he go every morning? …do you usually get to the institute? …does he go to the doctor so often? …is the man? |
3*. Write answers to the questions in 2.
1.__________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________
3._________________________________________________]________________
4.__________________________________________________________________
5.__________________________________________________________________
6.__________________________________________________________________
7.________________________________________________________________
8.________________________________________________________________
4. Fill in the gaps.
1. Last year I……..a schoolboy, but now I ….a student.
2. We ………good friends now, but not very long ago we……only group mates.
3. There………many mistakes in your last dictation, but in this dictation there ……….only one mistake.
4. Usually I …..in time for my lessons, but yesterday I ……late.
5. My sister………not well yesterday, but today she……all right.
5. Choose the appropriate verb forms from the box.
| have has had |
1. I …….some trouble with my teeth last summer.
2. We …….lectures and seminars every day but Saturday and Sunday.
3. They …….an exam in mathematics last week.
4. She …. a pleasant voice.
5. We……2 lectures and 2 practical classes yesterday.
6. When do medical students ……vacation?
6. * Fill in the gaps.
1. In order to ………………a doctor one must ………… hard.
2. He must………………….basic knowledge of anatomy and physiology.
3. Not many years…………..a doctor could use only his experiences while ……… diagnosis.
4. What subjects do medical students ………….in first period of study?
5. How long does internship…………?
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7. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions.
1. I was born …………the 20th of June.
2. People prefer to go out of towns and cities during summer vacation.
3. I usually finish my work………6 p.m.
4. What did you do ……last week?
5. Will you come to see me …….next week?
6. I am going to take my exam in physiology…….a week.
8. Fill in the gaps with modal verbs.
1. My sister………….type very well.
2. The lesson is over. You ……….go.
3. He …………explain everything to us when he returns.
4. He…………come at 10 in the morning yesterday, but he didn’t come at all!
5. Do you think that he …………….finish this work next week?
9. * Note down what you
1. must do every day_______________________________________________
2. have to do on Sundays instead of having leisure_______________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. ought to do to improve your English________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. had to do when you studied at school_______________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5. will have to do when you become a doctor___________________________
_______________________________________________________________
10. * Use the structures You should………. You ought to…….. to give advice to
a first year student what to do to become a good doctor;
your group mates what to do to improve his/her English;
your group mates what to do to improve his/her health.
11. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate form of the verb to be
1) I ... a student of the medical college.
2) My sister ... a nurse.
3) How old ... you?
4) London ... the capital of Great Britain.
5) My parents ... doctors.
6) My teeth ... white and healthy.
7) They ... in Moscow last summer.
8) I ... Sveta, and what ... your name?
9) My grandmother ... a teacher, she worked in our college many years ago.
10) He ... a good dentist.
12. Fill in the gaps with the verb to have
1) I ... a lot of books at home.
2) She ... two sisters.
3) Yesterday we ... 4 classes.
4) She ... a big dog in her house.
5) My child ... high temperature.
6) He ... a lot of work.
7) Ann ... blue eyes and dark hair.
8) Yesterday I ... a bad headache.
9) They ... a good holiday last week.
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13* Fill in the gaps with the appropriate form of the verb to be
1) Strong emotion, want of food, fatigue and pain ... the causes of fainting.
2) Soon my friend ... a doctor.
3)... the face of a person in shock usually pale?
4) Yesterday his breathing ... rapid and shallow.
5) Measles ... an infections disease.
6) Protruding bellies, big heads and crooked legs ... the main symptoms of rickets.
7) The blood pressure ... the pressure of the blood in the arterial wall.
8)High temperature, headache, hot dry skin, lost of appetite ... the symptoms of fever.
14. Fill in the gaps with possessive pronouns.
1). This is a ward doctor, and these are ... patients.
2). Jane is ... daughter, I like ... very much.
3). Olga is ... best ward nurse.
4). What is ... name?
5). 1 have a dog, ... name is Ren.
6). This child is ill, ... temperature is high.
7). We have got a new flat, ... flat is rather big.
8). Look at this nice girl! What is ... name?
9).What is ... favourite subject?
10). ... sister is a nurse.
11).We like ... college very much.
15. Prepositions.
1). Our college is ... the center of the city.
2). Their flat is ... the second floor.
3). The sun is very hot, it's nice to sit ... the tree.
4). There are some plates ... the table.
5). Our TV-set is ... the corner of the room.
6). We'll meet you ... the station.
7) I always get up ... 7 o'clock.
8). We don't go to the college ... Sunday.
9). ... summer they often go to the seaside.
10). He was born ... 10th April.
11). They visited London ... 1998.
12). She goes to the hospital ... bus.
13). Our classes begin ... 8 a. m.
16. Fill in the gaps with there is…, there are…
1). There ... a specific test for glucose.
2). There ... some patients in the ward.
3). There ... drugs on the plate.
4). How many students ... there ... in the college tomorrow?
5).... there any student in the room?
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17. Modal verbs (can, may, must)
1)....you speak English well?
2). The patient ... stay in bed.
3). ... I open the window and air the room?
4). We ... keep our body in healthy condition.
5). We ... treat many disease by diet.
6). Nobody ... read or write Latin.
7). You have a bad toothache. You ... see a dentist.
8). Dust ... have germs.
18. Make questions. You have been given the first word.
1) A good dentist can extract teeth painlessly (Who_____________________
_____________________________________________________________).
2) The nurse must be very careful with bed patients (Must________________
______________________________________________________________).
3) The infections diseases can pass through the mouth and nose (How can____
_______________________________________________________________).
4)Some poisons can cause asphyxia. (What____________________________
_______________________________________________________________).
19.Answer the questions according to the pattern.
Pattern: - What does a student do? - He studies.
1) What does a teacher do?_________________________________________
2) What does a chemist do?_________________________________________
3) What does a doctor do?__________________________________________
4) What does a dentist do?_________________________________________
5) What does a writer do?__________________________________________
20.Plural or singular?
1) There are many (woman, women) among the doctors.
2) Her (child, children) is two years old.
3) The (life, lives) of great (man, men) are very interesting.
4) His father's (foot, feet) ache.
5) Does your (tooth, teeth) ache?
21. Answer the following questions.
1) Who takes an examination in anatomy at the end of the first year?_______
______________________________________________________________
2) Who treats people for different diseases?___________________________
______________________________________________________________
3)Who studies human anatomy?____________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4)Who gains knowledge of medicine at medical schools?________________
______________________________________________________________
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Test
Total: ______/40
1. Vocabulary 8 points
Add the missing letters to complete the words
 1. s_ _entist 2 therap_ _tic 3. ph_s_ology 4. gr_du_te
| 5. fav_ _rite 6. reorgan_ _ed 7. s_b_ects 8. _ _culty |
2. Vocabulary 6 points
Match the words to make phrases
| 1. academic 2. ward 3. clinical 4. higher 5. entrance 6. to attend | a) education b) lectures c) examinations d) subjects e) year f) round |
3. Vocabulary 6 points
Complete the collocations with words in the box.
| obligatory research enter medicine curriculum training |
1. The _____________in American medical schools includes basic and clinical disciplines.
2. Those who have passed the admission test, can __________medical schools. 3.The period of medical residency is ___________________for all graduates.
4.The course of ___________________is divided into junior and senior levels.
5.Students carry on _________work under the supervision of their professors.
6.During the period of study students master theoretical and practical_______.
4. Grammar 10 points
Complete the following irregular verb table with the correct forms.
| Do 2________________ 4__________________ become choose 8__________________ get | 1____________________ began knew 5____________________ chose wrote 10_____________________ | done 3____________________ known 6___________________ 7___________________ ____________________ got |
5. Questions 5 points
Complete the questions.
| 1. Where _______you study? 2. _____________your friend attend the same University? 3. ____________you good at chemistry at school? 4. Who ___________the dean of you faculty? 5. Who____________in this hospital? |
6. Grammar 5 points.
Complete the sentences with modal verbs in the box.
| Has to will be allowed to could must may |
1. Some years ago I ___________speak English very well, but I’m completely out of practice now.
2. My friend is a student. He _________attend all lectures and practical classes.
3. You _________take my pen, if you haven’t got one.
4. During the 3rd year practical course we _________ to perform the duties of nurses.
5. I ____________work hard to become a true doctor.
| UNIT 2 |
ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY
Lexis
| LANGUAGE TOOLBOX | |
| cranial facial spinal column cervical thoracic lumbar sacral vertebra to consist of part to take part in trunk spine chest rib breast bone shoulder joint | side to compose to connect free lower extremity upper extremity thigh forearm muscle voluntary coccyx arch basic thorax cartilage pelvis ligament skull |
l. Work with a partner. Discuss and write down any derivatives of the following words.
Pattern.
| thorax | thoracic |
| Vertebra | |
| Spine Face | |
| Cranium vertebra | |
| Muscle | |
| Pelvis | |
| Base | |
2. Work with a partner. Write plural of the following nouns. Pay attention on the words of Latin origin
Pattern.
| Trunk | trunks |
| vertebra | vertebrae |
| Rib | |
| Breast bone | |
| Joint | |
| Muscle | |
| Extremity | |
| Side | |
| Bone | |
| patella | |
| Scapula | |
| maxilla | |
| Tibia | |
| fibula |
Reading .
l. Read the article and discuss the following questions. Work in small groups.
1. What are the parts of the skeleton?
2. What is the chest composed of?
3. What parts is the vertebral column composed of?
4. How are the bones connected together in the body?
5. What cavities does the skull form?
a) What are the Russian equivalents for the following:
arch: arches, the arch of the vertebra, the arch of the aorta
breastbone: the breastbone is a long bone, the breastbone is in the middle of the chest;
extremity: the lower extremity, the arm is an upper extremity, the leg is a lower extremity;
joint: to be connected together by the joins, some bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints, joint experiments
shoulder: the right shoulder, the left shoulder
The Skeleton
| The skeleton is composed of bones. In the adult the skeleton has over 200 bones. | |
| The main part of the head and face is called the skull. The skull is composed of twenty-six bones. These bones form two basic parts of the skull, that is facial and cranial parts. The bones of the skull are connected with the cervical vertebrae. The bones of the skull are connected together so firmly that it is very difficult to separate them. The bones of the skull form one large cavity and some smaller cavities. The large cavity is called the cranial cavity. The brain is in the cranial cavity. One of the smaller cavities is the oral cavity and the other is the cavity of the nose. The other two cavities are the orbits. The eyeballs are in the orbits |
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| The bones of the trunk are the spinal column or the spine and the chest (ribs and the breastbone). The spine consists of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae and the coccyx. | |
| The vertebra is a small bone, which is formed by the body and the arch. All the vertebrae compose the spinal column or the spine. There are 32 or 34 vertebrae in the spine of the adult. In the spinal column there are seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar, five sacral vertebrae and from one to five vertebrae which form the coccyx. The cervical part of the spine is formed by seven cervical vertebrae. Twelve thoracic vertebrae have large bodies. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest vertebrae in the spinal column. They have oval bodies. |
| The chest (thorax) is composed of 12 thoracic vertebrae, the breastbone and 12 pairs of ribs. The breastbone is a long bone in the middle of the chest. It is composed of three main parts. The basic part of the chest is formed by the ribs. On each side of the chest seven ribs are connected with the breastbone by cartilages. The cartilages of three other ribs are connected with each other and with the seventh rib. But the cartilages of these ribs are not connected with the breastbone. The eleventh and the twelfth ribs are not connected with the breastbone either. They are not connected with other ribs, they are free. Each rib is composed of a head, neck and body. | |
| The lower extremity consists of the thigh, leg and foot. It is connected with the trunk by the pelvis. The upper extremity is formed by the arm, forearm and hand. It is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle. The bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints or by the cartilages and ligaments. The bones consist of organic and inorganic substance.
| |
| There are three types of muscles in the body: Striated muscles (1), also called voluntary or skeletal muscles, are the muscle fibers which move all bones, as well as the face and eyes. We have conscious control over the activity of this type of muscle. Smooth muscles (2), also called involuntary or visceral muscles, are those muscle fibers which move our internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and secretory ducts leading from glands. We have no conscious control over these muscles. Cardiac muscle (3) is striated in appearance but like smooth muscle in its action. Its movement cannot be consciously controlled. | (1)
(2) 
(3) 
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Speaking
What are the parts of the skeleton?
What muscles are there in the human body and what functions do they
have?
| Language toolbox | |
| The skeleton To be composed of the skull that is facial and cranial parts The bones of the trunk the chest the spine | the vertebra spinal column the lower extremity the upper extremity three types of muscles |
CLOSE UP
Present forms
1. Underline the correct item
1. I see / am seeing that the situation is out of control
2. Do you enjoy/Are you enjoying this party?
3. He has/is having a Siamese cat.
4. These flowers are smelling/smell nice.
5. Anna is Italian. She is coming/comes from Italy.
6 . That dress looks/is looking nice.
7. She has written/wrote already a new book.
8. I am been waiting/am waiting for the doctor for three hours.
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