Упражнение 1 Переведите заголовки на русский язык:
1. Creditors Warned.
2. Aim to Stimulate Production.
3. New Wage Offer Accepted.
4. Significant Strides Made in the Manufacture of Producer Goods.
5. ICI Dispute Being Sent to Ministry.
6. Statistics Show Rapid Growth?
7. Rationalisation?
8. Help for the North-East Areas or Hand-Out to Big Business?
9. Mr. M. to go to Moscow in a Few Weeks.
10. Price Rise Unlikely – President of the Company.
11. Steel Company – Workers Sacked.
12. Italian Pit Strike.
13. The Wages Struggle.
14. Machinery Sales Organization.
15. Foreign Trade Figures in October.
16. Germany’s Familiar Tight Credit and High Interest Rate Policy.
Упражнение 2 Переведите на русский язык заголовки и the LEAD (краткое изложение газетной статьи (помещается непосредственно перед статьёй); первое, наиболее важное сообщение в сводке) из журнала The Economist AUGUST 17 TH -23 RD 2019
Markets in an Age of Anxiety
A dozen years ago, investors were complacent about the risk of recession. Not any more
Speak up
As societies polarise, free speech is under threat. It needs defenders
Getting back on track
Rising fares and falling punctuality are undermining confidence in the rail-franchise system. What should replace it?
Parched and pillaged
A lack of food, water and power is pushing Zimbabwe to the brink, again
A scam too far
With the president out of commission, corruption is flourishing
Quel est le probleme?
A row over teaching in French has reopened old wounds in Morocco
7. You first
Elizabeth Warren's proposal to renounce the first use of atomic weapons reflects a wider debate about America’s nuclear policies
8. “Sufficient testosterone”
GUATEMALA CITY A president-elect promises a ballsy new politics. Can he deliver?
Exit strategy
America and the Taliban appear closer to a deal. Clinching one will still be hard
10. An area of darkness
DELHI In its struggle to subdue Kashmir, the government is stripping it of liberties
Упражнение 3 Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. The ultimate decision will test the president's overall economic policy and its practical application toward troubled domestic industries, as well as his campaign pledge to the blue-collar constituency in the auto-producing states.
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2. The heads of state of the European Union agreed this week in the Netherlands on an anti-recession strategy that calls for lower interest rates and new spur to production.
3. Although other manufacturing companies are not faring as poorly outside the United States as the automakers, they are not thrilled about their earning prospects.
4. With their pay rise banned by the Government, the men have refused to cooperate with their employers in productivity measures to which the rise was linked.
5. But strongest of all the arguments is the huge profits the car owners have been making over the years. It is one of the ironies of the situation that just as their payrolls fall and their car outputs go down, all the companies are reporting record profits made for the past year.
6. His April Budget increases formed a very large part in the retail price index increase during that month.
7. The Treasurer introduces a Bill to implement the Government's plan to give preferential taxation treatment to life insurance companies.
8. The figures are in and they spell disaster - some 1,259,200 people will join the ranks of the unemployed as a direct result of the Administration budget cuts.
9. Coupled with the spending and tax proposals were changes in the federal regulatory process and monetary policy.
10. The steps announced in Paris, to take effect Monday, include decreasing the Bank of France's key money-market intervention rate to 10.75 per cent from 11.25 per cent, while imposing a 5-percent reserve requirement on nonresident bank accounts, French monetary officials said.
11. In the past few years coordination agencies have been created by the Government to include a Foreign Exchange Committee and an Internal Finance Committee; and the Central Bank and the Ministers of Finance, Commerce and State Enterprises exert some influence in this sphere.
12. The three-month United Nations World Trade and Development Conference, which was attended by representatives of 122 Governments, was called the Little General Assembly.
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13. If you thought that this latest increase in the index - which, by the way, does not reflect at all the Government-imposed postal charge increases - would justify a bigger wage increase, you are mistaken.
14. Paradoxically, the poll returns mean that he will be able to go ahead with his plan to introduce a pay-as-you-earn income tax scheme, which had been the main issue of the elections.
15. Far more questionable are the restrictions proposed for the state-financed unemployment benefit programs for the short-term unemployed.
16. The report listed a whole range of tax-deductible items available to companies, including company houses, yachts for entertaining overseas clients and even company racehorses.
17. "These supply-oriented policies are directed at the medium-term," the panel said, "If they are successful, it will raise the international competitiveness of German products".
Упражнение 4 Переведите статью из журнала The Economist AUGUST 17 TH -23 RD 2019
Finger on the button
If America ruled out using nuclear weapons first the world would not be any safer
In 1973 Major Harold Hering, a veteran pilot and trainee missile- squadron commander, asked his superiors a question: if told to fire his nuclear-tipped rockets, how would he know that the orders were lawful, legitimate and from a sane president? Soon after, Major Hering was pulled from duty and later kicked out of the air force for his 'mental and moral reservations".
His question hit a nerve because there was, and remains, no check on a president s authority to launch nuclear weapons. That includes launching them first, before America has been nuked itself. The United States has refused to rule out dropping a nuclear bomb on an enemy that has used only conventional weapons, since it first did so in 1945.
Many people think this calculated ambiguity is a bad idea. It is unnecessary, because America is strong enough to repel conventional attacks with conventional arms. And it increases the risk of accidents and misunderstandings. If, when the tide of a conventional war turns, Russia or China fears that America may unexpectedly use nukes, they will put their own arsenals on high alert, to preserve them. If America calculates that its rivals could thus be tempted to strike early, it may feel under pressure to go first—and so on, nudging the world towards the brink.
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Elizabeth Warren, a Democratic contender for the presidency, is one of many who want to remedy this by committing America, by law, to a policy of No First Use (nfu). India and China have already declared nfu, or something close, despite having smaller, more vulnerable arsenals.
Ms Warrens impulse to constrain nuclear policy is right. However, her proposal could well have perverse effects that make the world less stable. Many of America s allies, such as South Korea and the Baltic states, face large and intimidating rivals at a time when they worry about the globa1 balance of power. They think uncertainty about America's first use helps deter conventional attacks that might threaten their very existence, such as a Russian assault on Estonia or a Chinese invasion of Taiwan. Were America to rule out first use, some of its Asian allies might pursue nuclear weapons of their own. Any such proliferation risks being destabilizing and dangerous, multiplying the risks of nuclear war.
The aim should be to maximise the deterrence from nuclear weapons while minimising the risk that they themselves become the cause of an escalation. The place to start is the question posed by Major Hering 46 years ago. No individual ought to be entrusted with the unchecked power to initiate annihilation, even if he or she has been elected to the White House. Oneway to check the president s launch authority would be to allow first use, but only with collective agreement, from congressional leaders, say, or the cabinet.
There are other ways for a first-use policy to be safer. America should make clear that the survival of nations must be at stake. Alas, the Trump administration has moved in the opposite direction, warning that "significant nonnuclear strategic attack", including cyber- strikes, might meet with a nuclear response. America can also make its systems safer. About a third of American and Russian nuclear forces are designed to be launched within a few minutes, without the possibility of recall, merely on warning of enemy attack. Yet in recent decades, missile launches have been ambiguous enough to trigger the most serious alarms. If both sides agreed to take their weapons off this hair-trigger, their leaders could make decisions with cooler heads.
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Most of all, America can put more effort into arms control. The collapse of the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Treaty on August 2nd and a deadly radioactive accident in Russia involving a nuclear-powered missile on August 8th were the latest reminders that nuclear risks are growing just as the worlds ability to manage them seems to be diminishing.
Unit III
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