VII. VOWELS IN UNSTRESSED POSITION
| № | position | pronunciation | examples | exceptions |
| 1 | A | [ə] | library, alive, delegate | |
| 2 | before L at the end | isn’t pronounced | signal [ˈsıgnl] | |
| 3 | AGE at the end ACE at the end ATE at the end of verbs | [ıʤ] [əs] или [ıs] [eıt] | courage [ˈkʌrıʤ]; palace to delegate | garage [ˈgærɑ:ʒ] |
| 4 | E | [ı] | pocket, escape | cafe [ˈkæfeı] |
| 5 | in the combinations EL /EN at the end | isn’t pronounced | seven [ˈsevn], parcel [ˈpɑ:sl] | |
| 6 | I | [ı] | rabbit, invite | |
| 7 | in IL at the end | isn’t pronounced | evil [ˈi:vl] | |
| 8 | O | [ə] | pilot | |
| 9 | O at the end | [ɜʊ] | potato | |
| 10 | in OL / ON at the end | isn’t pronounced | lesson [ˈlesn] | |
| 11 | U | [ə] | difficult | |
| 12 | U+ consonant + mute E at the end | [ju:] | institute | minute ['mınıt] |
| 13 | Y at the end of verbs Y, EY, LY at the end of adjectives, adverbs and nouns | [aı] [ı] | to classify, to multiply, to analyse pretty, city, early monkey | ally ['ælaı] |
| 14 | digraphs: in the suffix OUS AI / EI | [ə] [ə] or [ı] | famous mountain, foreign | |
| IN THE NOUN AND ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES | ||||
| 15 | AR ER / RE OR /OUR UR / YR | [ə] | collar, teacher, theatre doctor, colour Arthur, martyr | |
| 16 | SION SSION SURE SSURE | [ʒn] [ʃn] [ʃn] [ʒə] [ʃə] | illusion, pension expression pleasure pressure | |
| 17 | TURE TION TIAL | [ʧə] [ʃn] [ʃəl] | picture revolution essential | |
Ex. 18. Transcribe the words and read them. Mind unstressed vowels.
meagre, grammar, kindness, partial, decision, mansion, mention, measure, nature, melon, devil, donkey, photo, motor, motto, bulbous, money, multitude, minute, mixture, distant, metre, author, substitute, parlour, honey, afraid, beggar, likeness, rapid, mirror, marrow, director, manager, lifeless, division, aggression, treasure, sure, puncture, even, coffee, cafe.
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REVISION EXERCISES
Ex. 19. Read the words. Mind the stress.
correct, historic, operation, galaxy, satisfaction, tendency, funeral, synthetic, comic, determination, ecology, nature, natural, nation, national, international, typical, advert, advertise, advertisement, cleanliness, unique, universe, university, generation, realistic, amuse, result, television, intensify, experiment, apologize, industry, industrial, logic.
Ex. 20. Read the words.
choir, sandwich, suite, cleanliness, chute, answer, sword, sausage, height, nephew, sew, donkey, monkey, year, were, where, wear, biscuit, busy, clerk, engineer, journalist, housewife, lawyer, drawing, photographer, auxiliary, soldier, salesman, usual, clothes, cloths, colleague, college, south, southern, course, cause, close, to close, Santa Claus, fiancé, handsome, moustache, surprise, eyebrows, image, magazine, hotel, Christmas, desert, dessert, house, houses, cough, though.
Ex. 21. Read the words.
Chinese, Portuguese, Arabic, Tokyo, Japan, Japanese, Oslo, Polish, Egypt, Danish, Sweden, Swedish, Spanish, Switzerland, the Sahara, the Mediterranean, Australia, the Thames, Panama, the Suez Canal, the Channel, the Baltic Sea, the Canaries, the Bahamas, the Himalayas, the Bermudas, the Caucasus, the Crimea, the Urals, Helsinki, Europe, Asia.
Ex. 22. Find the odd man out.
1. 
most host cost toast coast;
2. great threat head said breath;
3. aren’t aunt laugh heart fault;
4. foam soul shoulder broad load;
5. bull bush push pull fuss;
6. chain chute cheat chief chat;
7. call laugh raft draught rough;
8. tough rough love cough tuft;
9. steak make straight eight height;
10. through brought caught naughty raw;
11. soldier gym gift jacket wages;
12. steer real seal here fear;
13. there where were their bear;
14. heir hour honesty honour hostel;
15. few sew view suit flute;
16. fable table able baffle maple;
17. low cow crown shout bough;
18. phone pheasant Philip nephew philosophy;
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19. chaste paste fast haste waist;
20. oven love move glove dove;
21. plead suite heed mete build;
22. good foot boot wood stood;
23. flood food hood soot toot;
24. was wax wall what wand;
25. water ought autumn sausage quartet;
26. folk coke oak balk soak;
27. worm ward word work worth;
28. these geese rose ease advise;
29. tour moor sour bluer sure;
30. beauty newt through cute foot;
31. year were sir fur pear;
32. Thames taste tear castle Thomas;
33. whistle thistle castle cattle bustle;
34. single singer longer English finger;
Ex. 23. Find the rhymes.
1. bear knight
2. hearth sour
3. here tour
4. could hawk
5. shoe though
6. sew bath
7. blues through
8. fork fear
9. hall care
10. were floor
11. tower sweet
12. sore wood
13. moor crawl
14. suite sir
15.height lose lose
KEY TO THE EXERCISES
Ex. 7. B, C, D
bɒm, ˈæmbə, sel, ʧæt, wıʧ, ˈʧerı, daʊt, tu:m, ˈsıtı, ʃıˈkɑ:gɜʊ, ˈkælındə, ˈdægə, ˈsılındə, lım, klık, fækt, məˈʃi:n, eık, ʧest, ˈsɜʊlʤə, ˈsɜ:kl, ˈkændı, keıʤ, kɜʊm, klıf, θʌm, ˈsaıkl, ˈskɒlə, ˈmıʃıgən, ʧɑ:m, ˈʧærıtı, bæʤ, ʧɜ:ʧ, ˈæbs(ə)nt, sku:l, ʃu:t, ˈsınımə, klaım, ˈɔ:kıstrə, ˈsænwıʤ, ʧɑ:t, saıt, det, krʌm, sent, kɑ:t, ʃık, ʧık, ækt, ˈkærəktə, ˈkæfeı.
Ex. 8. G, H
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gıft, gæs, ˈfıŋgə, ˈʤentl, ʤım, gılt, grɑ:nd, haık, bıˈgın, ʤın, hɑ:p, gɒd, gʌlp, təˈgeðə, ˈli:gəl, bæŋ, reıʤ, ræg, geım, hɑ:m, ˈɒnıst, heı, aʊə, ˈkwaıə, gʌm, pæŋ, gɜʊst, ˈhærı, greıs, gıv, ˈʤıpsı, ʤent, geız, ʧeıs, ʧın, ˈlæʧ, ˈhæŋə, gæg, ɛə, fæŋ, gæp, gɑ:d, ʃef, sæŋ, ʧek, ʤɜ:m, ˈɒnə, gʌlf, ˈʤendə, gɒŋ, hæt, ˈkemık(ə)l, peıʤ, benʧ, ˈgetɜʊ, ˈgɑ:lık, kæʧ, ˈmæʤık, dıʧ, peg, næg, eıʤ, ˈgeıbl, ʤem, get, ʤet, heık, hen, feın.
Ex . 9. K , L , M , N
dæm, nıt, nʌm, plʌm, ˈkɒləm, næk, tæŋk, neıv, pıŋ, ˈsɒləm, ˈkıŋdəm, ʧıŋk, ʤæm, ˈnæpsæk, nɒt, ˈketl, keg, nɒk, tæŋ, fræŋk, prık, lım, læm, stıŋ, ræŋk, ˈnıkl, ˈmægı, nel, ˈtæŋgl, kıŋk, skɜ:t, hım, ˈlæŋgwıʤ, ˈrıdl, ˈaıdl, sæŋk, smæk, klaım, ˈmægnıt, ˈmedl, ın, naıt, sıŋk, kaıt, ʤeıl, sæk, lıŋk, ʤæz, mɑ:ʤ, tɜ:m, ˈnænı, plæŋk, ˌnævıˈgeıʃn, ʤeıd, nɒb, ˈlıtərəsı, ˈmeıpl.
Ex . 10. P , R
ˈpærı, flɒks, ˈrɒm, ˈpærət, fıl, ˈpjænɜʊ, ˈfɑ:məsı, ˈræpsədı, ˈdɒlfın, ˈfɜʊtəgrɑ:f, ˈfɜʊnı, rıðm, raım,
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ˈpʌpıt, plənˈteıʃn, 'rıpl, rıˈtɔ:t, freız, ˈpɒplə, pæʧ, ˈfæntəm, ˈfɜʊbıə, ˈprızn, spæn, ˈrætl, nımf, rɛə, rıə,
rıəl, feız, pi:t, plʌmp, prıˈpɛə, praıd.
Ex 11. S, T
ˈræʃlı, ˈsælərı, spelt, ði:, ðɛə, ʃıp, ˌsætısˈfækʃn, ðɛə, θʌm, ˈfæʃn, ˌkɒnvəˈseıʃn, ˈgɒsıp, ˈsılvə, ˈrætl, kənˈfju:ʒn, rısˈtɔ:, sɒb, ˈtɑ:tən, əˈkeıʒn, depθ, ʃɑ:k, ˈesəns, ˈtɒməs, træp, ˈkɑ:sl, əˈdıʃn, ˈbʌsl, ˈtıptɜʊ, skɔ:, ˈsınıstə, ˈtıkl, rıˈzıst, pəˈmıʃn, θɜ:st, ðaı, ˈɑ:θə, ski:m, tempˈteıʃn, sens, sǝkˈses, ˈtɒlərənt, θi:m, ði:z, temz, θæʧ, ði:, ʃɛə, splæʃ, ðen.
Ex. 12. V, W, X, Z
rek, ɔ:g'zıljərı, ˈvaʊəl, wɔ:d, hu:z, ˈekstrækt, wɜʊ, ˈeksıt, ˈfızı, ˈresl, ıkˈsept, vɜ:b, ˈwıtı, saız, wıp, ˈwɔ:tə, ıgˈzækt, mıks, hɜʊl, zest, ıksˈtri:m, ıkˈsaıt, zıp, ıgˈzɒtık, dwɔ:f, ˈzɜʊdıæk, hu:, rıŋ, ıksˈkju:s, weıl, ˈzi:brə, ˈræŋglə, reks, ıgˈzæm, ˈeksaıl, sɔ:d, ˈvɜ:gɜʊ, vɑ:z, ˈeksəsaız, ˈzıərɜʊ, hu:m, i:v, wıŋk, rıst, ıksˈpreʃn, ˈzɒmbı, mæks.
Ex. 13
leın, ˈdʌbl, heı, jɑ:d, fɜʊm, steık, pɜʊʧ, ɔ:t, brɔ:d, ˈɔ:kʃn, lʊk, ɑ:nt, jes, ˈkɔ:ʃn, staʊt, tɜʊst, lɑ:f, veın, sɜʊp, kɒf, su:p, kʊk, sju:t, swi:t, greıt, jet, dreın, peıl, ˈaıðə, si:, dıˈsi:v, saʊθ, blʌd, ˈweðə, ˈfeðə, rɜʊm, plæt, lɜʊf, sed, ʃaʊt, li:d/ led, stɛə, zu:, sez, ˈɔ:drı, ʤi:, wʊd, ˈmedɜʊ, def, ki:, rʌf, tɜʊd, flʌd, aʊt, bu:, ˈtɔ:rəs, brest, rıˈli:f, ʧi:t, daʊt;
Ex. 14
di:n, beıt, kɔ:z, du:m, rıəl, bɜʊst, breık, ˈdeızı, deθ, di:l, laʊd, ˈsi:lıŋ, gri:t, li:n, greı, dred, jel, haıt, ˈgri:dı, sɔ:s, bıld, bi:ʧ, tʌf, tri:t, kaʊnt, ˈkʌntrı, pɔ:z, ʃʊd, tɔ:t, θru:, ðɜʊ, rʊk, rɜʊd, ˈʃɜʊldə, rıˈsi:v,si:z, reın, drɑ:ft, draʊt, brɔ:t, ju:l, hɔ:nt, paʊnd, mu:, aʊʧ, tʊə, ʤu:s, ʤɔı, ji:ld, wi:l, fu:l, traʊt, ˈpri:ʧə, səˈlu:n, ˈnaıðə, helθ, tɔıl, frend.
Ex. 15
hɔ:, aʊə, pɜ:l, ˈɜ:nıst, bıəd, fıə, hıə, hɜ:d, hɑ:t, pɔ:, ˈbju:tıfʊl, bɛə, bıə, snıə, dɔ:, ʧɔıs, ʃıə, jıə /jɜ:, fɔ:, tıə / tɛə, ıə, ɜ:n, ɛə, spıə, ɛə, ðɛə, gri:f, nıə, dıə, klıə, dıə, gɜʊl, kɔ:s, əˈpıə, hɔ:s, stɛə, sɜ:ʧ, ˈdɛərı, ʧɛə, bɔ:, bʊə, ʧıə, pɛə, ˈdrıərı, θrɜʊt, rıˈtri:t, aʊə, wɛə, pʊə, saʊə, ɔ:, rɔ:, ˈtʊərıst, stıə.
Ex. 1 6
swɒmp, swæm, rɑ:ft, wɔ:d, vɑ:st, kɔ:l, ʃæl, ʃɔ:l, pæl, peıl, fɔ:l, pɑ:s, rɔ:, mæs, ʧɑ:ns, brɑ:nʧ, 'pæsıv, wɒnd, kɑ:m, ˈkwɔ:tə, læs, sɔ:, mɔ:l, sɑ:m, swɒn, weık, mɑ:sk, weıst, streınʤ, hɑ:f, tɔ:l, skwɒʃ, lɑ:ns, ˈswɒlɜʊ, ˈdeınʤə, mɑ:st, mʌst, wɒsp, ˈkwɒrı, wɔ:n, ˈɔ:kwəd, fɑ:st, dɑ:ns, æs, bɑ:m, heıst, ıgˈzɑ:mpl, ˈæltıtju:d, bɑ:θ, bɑ:ðz, beıð, lɑ:st, drɑ:ft, pɑ:m, stɔ:k, ˈgæðə, pɔ:, ɔ:, wæks, reınʤ, mıˈtælık, wæg, ˈklæsık, klɑ:s, ˈbɔ:ltık, bɔ:l, kɑ:f, ʧeınʤ.
Ex . 17
fju:, sɜʊ, naʊ, sɜʊ, ges, ʧu:, faınd, snɜʊ, saın, ˈsıgnl, ˈsıgnıʧə, rıˈmaınd, nju:z, dju:, kru:, ˈfɑ:ðə, ˈmʌðə, mɒθ, hɜʊst, maıld, gılt, grɑ:nt, baınd, pɑ:θ, raıt, rɜʊl, sʌn, gɑ:d, kwık, sɜʊld, tekˈni:k, hɔ:k, bıˈhaınd, saı, kaınd, hɜʊld, bıˈlɜʊ, wɔ:, wɜ:k, ɔ:l, dɔ:n, daʊn, gest, wınd / waınd, dıˈzaın, haʊl, haınd, hınt, slaıt, fɜʊld, pɜʊl, gaıd, mɒsk, mu:v, dʌv, stɜʊv, lʌv, mɜʊ, krɜʊ, bɔ:ld, bɜʊld, fɒnd, wɜ:θ.
Ex. 18
ˈmi:gə, ˈgræmə, ˈkaındnıs, ˈpɑ:ʃəl, dıˈsıʒn, ˈmænʃn, ˈmenʃn, ˈmeʒə, ˈneıʧə, ˈmelən, ˈdevl, ˈdɒŋkı, ˈfɜʊtɜʊ, ˈmɜʊtə, ˈmɒtɜʊ, ˈbʌlbəs, ˈmʌnı, ˈmʌltıtju:d, ˈmınıt, ˈmıksʧə, ˈdıstənt, ˈmi:tə, ˈɔ:θə, ˈsʌbstıtju:t, ˈpɑ:lə, ˈhʌnı, əˈfreıd, ˈbegə, ˈlaıknıs, ˈræpıd, ˈmırə, ˈmærɜʊ, d(a)ıˈrektə, ˈmænəʤə, ˈlaıflıs, dıˈvıʒn, əˈgreʃn, ˈtreʒə, ʃʊə / ʃɔ:, ˈpʌŋkʧə, ˈi:vn, ˈkɒfı ˈkæfeı.
Ex. 19
kəˈrekt, hısˈtɒrık, ˌɒpəˈreıʃn, ˈgæləksı, ˌsætısˈfækʃn, ˈtendənsı, ˈfju:nərəl, sınˈθetık, ˈkɒmık, dıˌtɜ:mıˈneıʃn, ıˈkɒləʤı, ˈneıʧə, ˈnæʧərəl, ˈneıʃn, ˈnæʃənəl, ˌıntəˈnæʃənəl, ˈtıpıkl, ˈædvɜ:t, ˈædvətaız, ədˈvɜ:tısmənt, ˈklenlınıs, ju:ˈni:k, ˈju:nıvɜ:s, ˌju:nıˈvɜ:sıtı, ˌʤenəˈreıʃn, rıəˈlıstık, əˈmju:z, rıˈzʌlt, ˈtelıvıʒn, ınˈtensıfaı, ıkˈsperımənt, əˈpɒləʤaız, ˈındəstrı, ınˈdʌstrıəl, ˈlɒʤık.
Ex. 20
kwaıə, ˈsænwıʤ, swi:t, ˈklenlınıs, ʃu:t, 'ɑ:nsə, sɔ:d, ˈsɒsıʤ, haıt, ˈnevju:, sɜʊ, ˈdɒŋkı, ˈmʌŋkı, jıə/jɜ:, wɜ:, wɛə, wɛə, ˈbıskıt, ˈbızı, klɑ:k, ˌenʤıˈnıə, ˈʤɜ:nəlıst, ˈhaʊswaıf, ˈlɔ:jə, ˈdrɔ:ıŋ, fəˈtɒgrəfə, ɔ:gˈzıljərı, ˈsɜʊlʤə, ˈseılzmən, ˈju:ʒʊəl, klɜʊðz, klɒθs, ˈkɒli:g, ˈkɒlıʤ saʊθ, ˈsʌð(ə)n, kɔ:s, kɔ:z, klɜʊs, tə klɜʊz, ˌsæntə ˈklɔ:z, fıˈɑ:nseı, ˈhæns(ə)m, məsˈtɑ:ʃ, səˈpraız, ˈaıbraʊz, ˈımıʤ, ˌmægəˈzi:n, hɜʊˈtel, ˈkrısməs, ˈdezət, dıˈzɜ:t, haʊs, ˈhaʊzız, kɒf, ðɜʊ, θru:, θɔ: t.
Ex. 2 1
ʧaıˈni:z, ˌpɔ:tjʊˈgi:z, ˈærəbık, ˈtɜʊkıɜʊ, ʤəˈpæn, ˌʤæpəˈni:z, ˈɒzlɜʊ, ˈpɜʊlıʃ, ˈi:ʤıpt, ˈdeınıʃ, ˈswi:dn, ˈswi:dıʃ, ˈspænıʃ, ˈswıʦələnd, ðə səˈhɑ:rə, ðə ˌmedıtəˈreınıən, ɔ:sˈtreılıə, ðə temz, ˈpænəmɑ:, ðə ˈsu:ız kəˈnæl, ðə ˈʧæn(ə)l, ðə ˈbɔ:ltık si:, ðə kəˈnɛərız, ðə bə'hɑ:məz, ðə hıməˈleıəz, ðə bəˈmju:dəz, ðə ˈkɔ:kəsəs, ðə kraıˈmıə, ðə ˈjʊərəlz, hel'sɪŋkɪ, 'juərəp, ˈeɪʃə / ˈeɪʒə.
Ex. 2 2
1. cost; 2. great; 3. fault; 4. broad; 5. fuss; 6. chute; 7. rough;
8. cough; 9. height; 10. through; 11. gift; 12. seal; 13. were; 14. hostel;
15. sew; 16. baffle; 17. low; 18. nephew; 19. fast; 20. move; 21. built;
22. boot; 23. flood; 24. wax; 25. sausage; 26. balk; 27. ward; 28. geese;
29. sour; 30. foot; 31. pear; 32. castle; 33. cattle; 34. singer; 35. biscuit.
Ex. 23
1. bear – care; 2. hearth – bath; 3. here – fear; 4. could – wood; 5. shoe – through;
6. sew – though; 7. blues – lose; 8. fork – hawk; 9. hall – crawl; 10. were – sir;
11. to 
wer – sour; 12. sore – floor; 13. moor – tour; 14. suite – sweet; 15. height – knight.
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