Transcribe the words and read them.

Ex. 7. B, C, D

bomb, amber, cell, chat, witch, cherry, doubt, tomb, city, Chi'cago (Fr.), calendar, dagger, cylinder, limb, click, fact, ma'chine (Fr.), ache, chest, soldier, circle, candy, cage, comb, cliff, thumb, cycle, scholar (Gr.), Michigan, charm, charity, badge, church, absent, school, chute (Fr.), cinema, climb, orchestra, sandwich, chart, cite, debt, crumb, cent, cart, chic (Fr.), chick, act, character, café.

Ex. 8. G, H

gift, gas, finger, gentle, gym, guilt, grand, hike, begin, gin, harp, god, gulp, together, legal, bang, rage, rag, game, harm, honest, hay, hour, choir, gum, pang, ghost, Harry, grace, give, gypsy, gent, gaze, chase, chin, latch, hanger, gag, heir, fang, gap, guard, chef, sang, check, germ, honour, gulf, gender, gong, hat, chemical (Gr.), page, bench, ghetto, garlic, catch, magic, ditch, peg, nag, age.

Ex. 9. J, K, L, M, N

damn, knit, numb, plumb, column, knack, tank, knave, ping, solemn, kingdom, chink, jamb, knapsack, knot, kettle, keg, knock, tang, frank, prick, limn, lamb, sting, rank, nickel, Maggy, knell, tangle, kink, skirt, hymn, language, riddle, idle, sank, smack, climb, magnet, meddle, inn, knight, sink, kite, jail, sack, link, jazz, Marge, term, nanny, plank, navigation, jade, knob, literacy, maple.

Ex. 10. P, R

parry, phlox, rhomb, parrot, Phil, piano, pharmacy, rhapsody, 'dolphin, photograph, phoney, rhythm, rhyme, puppet, plantation, ripple, retort, phrase, poplar, patch, phantom, phobia, prison, span, rattle, nymph, rare, rear, real, phase, Pete, plump, prepare, pride.

Ex. 11 . S, T

rashly, salary, spelt, the, there, ship, satisfaction, their, thumb, fashion, conversation, gossip, silver, rattle, confusion, restore, sob, tartan, occasion, depth, shark, essence, Thomas, trap, castle, addition, bustle, tiptoe, score, sinister, tickle, resist, permission, thirst, thy, Arthur, scheme, temptation, sense, success, tolerant, theme, these, Thames, thatch, thee (=you), share, splash, then.

Ex. 12 . V, W, X, Z

wreck, auxiliary, vowel, ward, whose, ˈextract, woe, ˈexit, fizzy, wrestle, except, verb, witty, size, whip, water, exact, mix, whole, zest, extreme, excite, zip, eˈxotic, dwarf, ˈzodi­ac, who, wring, excuse, whale, zebra, wrangler, Rex, exam, ˈexile, sword, Virgo, vase, exercise, zero, whom, Eve, wink, wrist, expression, zombie, Max.

IV. DIGRAPHS (two vowel letters which are read as one vowel sound)

№	position	pronunciation	examples	exceptions
1	AI /AY	[eı]	nail, hay	[e] said, says plait [plæt], aisle [aıl]
2	EA   often before D,TH	[i:]	sea, read, leader, clean	[ıə] idea, ideal, theatre, real
		[e]	health, wealth, heavy, death, meant, deaf, cleanliness, head, leather, pleasure etc.
		[eı]	steak, great, break;
3	EE	[i:]	reed
4	EI / EY	[eı]	veil, eight, grey	[i:] key; [aı] either, neither height [haıt] leisure [ˈleʒə]
	CEI / SEI	[si:]	ceiling, deceive, seize
5	IE in the middle	[i:]	believe	[e]friend, diet [ˈdaıət]
6	EU	[ju:]	neutral
7	AU	[ɔ:]	autumn, taught	[ɑ:] aunt, laugh draught [drɑ:ft]  sausage [ˈsɒsıʤ]
8	OA	[ɜʊ]	coat, boat, load	[ɔ:] broad
9	OI /OY	[ɔı]	boil, toy	choir [ˈkwaıə]
110	OO OOK	[u:] [ʊk]	soon book	[ʊ] foot, stood, wood, good [ʌ] blood, flood
111	OU	[aʊ]	about, loud, drought [draʊt]	[ɜʊ] shoulder, though cough [kɒf],    [ɔ:] bought, thought
		[ʌ]	country, double tough [tʌf], rough [rʌf]
	often in French words	[u:]	group, through [θru:]
112	UI	[ju:] [ı]	suit, juice, nuisance build, guilt, quilt	suite [swi:t]
113	Y before vowels	[j]	yes, yard

Ex. 13. Transcribe the words and read them.

lain, double, hay, yard, foam, steak, poach, ought, broad, auction, look, aunt, yes, caution, stout, toast, laugh, vain, soap, cough, soup, cook, suit, suite, great, yet, drain, pail, either, sea, deceive, south, blood, weather, feather, roam, plait, loaf, said, shout, lead, stair, zoo, says, Audrey, gee, would, meadow, deaf, key, rough, toad, flood, out, boo, Taurus, breast, relief, cheat, doubt.

Ex. 14. Transcribe the words and read them.

dean, bait, cause, doom, real, boast, break, daisy, death, deal, loud, ceiling, greet, lean, grey, dread, yell, height, greedy, sauce, build, beach, tough, treat, count, country, pause, should, taught, through, though, rook, road, shoulder, receive, seize, reign, draught, drought, brought, Yule, haunt, pound, moo, ouch, tour, juice, joy, yield, wheel, fool, trout, preacher, sa'loon, neither, health, toil, friend.        

V . DIGRAPHS + R

№	position	pronunciation	examples	exceptions
1	AIR / EIR	[ɛə]	chair, their
2	EAR at the end in the middle	[ıə]  [ɜ:]	dear learn	[ɛə] pear, bear, wear, tear; year [jıə] or [jɜ:]; [ɑ:] heart; beard [bıəd]
3	EER	[ıə]	deer
4	OAR	[ɔ:]	board
5	OOR	[ɔ:] [ʊə]	door poor
6	OUR	[aʊə] [ɔ:] [ʊə]	hour four tour

 

Ex. 15. Transcribe the words and read them.

hoar, hour, pearl, earnest, beard, fear, hear, heard, heart, pour, beautiful, bear, beer, sneer, door, choice, sheer, year, four, tear, ear, earn, air, spear, heir, their, grief, near, dear, clear, deer, goal, coarse, appear, hoarse, stair, search, dairy, chair, boar, boor, cheer, pear, dreary, throat, re­treat, our, wear, poor, sour, oar, roar, tourist, steer.          

VI . CONSONANTS + VOWELS

№	position	pronunciation			examples	exceptions
CONSONANTS + A
1	WA, QUA in closed syllables		[ɒ]	watch, quantity			[æ] wax, swam, wag, quack
2	WAR, QUAR		[ɔ:]	ward, quarter
3	ASS ASK AST ASP AFT ATH AN + consonant (sometimes) ALM   ALF    L isn’t pronounced ALV		[ɑ:]	pass ask fast grasp after path   plant, answer, chance, de­mand palm [pɑ:m] half [hɑ:f], calves [kɑ:vz]			[æ] mass, ass, lass, passive, classic      [æ] gather

 

4	ALL ALT ALK (L isn’t pronounced) AW AL+ consonant	[ɔ:]	ball salt chalk [ʧɔ:k] awful always, also			[æ] shall, rally, metallic, ally [æ] altitude
5	ANGE   ASTE often at the end	[eı]	change waste
CONSONANTS + E
6	EW after [ʧ, ʤ, l, r]	[ju:] [u:]		new chew, jewel, lewd			sew [sɜʊ]
CONSONANTS + I
7	IND	[aınd]	find		[ı] wind, cinders
8	ILD	[aıld]	child		[ı] children, wilderness
9	IGN at the end	[aın]	sign
10	IGH	[aı]	high, light
CONSONANTS + O
11	OLL	[ɜʊl]	roll				doll [dɒl]
12	OLD / OLT	[ɜʊld] /[ɜʊlt]	cold, volt
13	OST (sometimes)	[ɜʊst]	most
14	O before M, N, V, TH  (sometimes)	[ʌ]	some, son, love, mother				[u:] whom, move;     [ɒ] shone, gone, moth; [ɜʊ] home etc.
15	WOR	[wɜ:]	work
16	OW   unstressed at the end	[aʊ] [ɜʊ] [ɜʊ]	now, town low, blown pillow
CONSONANTS + U
17	GU+ vowel at the beginning	[g]	guide, guard
18	QU	[kw]	quick
19	QUE at the end of French words	[k]	unique [ju:ˈni:k] technique [tekˈni:k]

Ex. 16. Transcribe the words and read them. ( consonants + A)

swamp, swam, raft, ward, vast, call, shall, shawl, pal, pale, fall, pass, raw, mass, chance, branch, passive, wand, calm, quarter, lass, saw, mall, psalm, swan, wake, mask, waste, strange, half, tall, squash, lance, swallow, danger, mast, must, wasp, quarry, warn, awkward, fast, dance, ass, balm, haste, example, altitude, bath, baths, bathe, last, draft, palm, stalk, gather, paw, awe, wax, range.

 

Ex. 17. Transcribe the words and read them. few, sew, now, sow, guess, chew, find, snow, sign, signal, signature, remind, news, dew, crew, father, mother, moth, host, mild, guilt, grant, bind, path, right, roll, son, guard, quick, sold, technique, hawk, behind, sigh, kind, hold, below, war, work, all, dawn, down, guest, wind (2), design, howl, hind, hint, slight, fold, poll, guide, mosque, move, dove, stove, love, mow, crow, bald, bold, fond, worth.               

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