INDEFINITE AND NEGATIVE PRONOUNS

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	in affirmatives		in questions		in negatives			in negatives		in any
	some некоторые, какие-нибудь		any какие-нибудь, сколько-нибудь		not ...any нет			nо нет		е very каждый
	something что-то что-нибудь		anything что-то что-нибудь		not ... anything ничего			nothing ничего		е verything всё
	somebody someone кто-то кто-нибудь		anybody anyone кто-то кто-нибудь		not...anybody not...anyone никто			nobody no one никто none никто , нисколько		е verybody все
	somewhere где-то где-нибудь		anywhere где-то где-нибудь		not... anywhere нигде			nowhere нигде, никуда		everywhere везде
№		We use some and itsderivatives				№	We use any and itsderivatives
1		in affirmatives		I want some advice. I want something.		1	in negatives		I don’t want any advice. I don’t want anything.
2		in questions expecting a positive answer		Do you have some ideas? Do you have something?		2	in questions		Is there any tea here? Is there anybody here?
3		in requests and offers		May I have some tea? Would you like something to eat?		3	in if-clauses		Buy some apples, if you see any.
4		in the meaning некоторый		Some people believe everything .		4	in affirmatives in the meaning любой :		He can take any book.
5		in the meaning несколько		I haven’t seen him for some years.					He can do anything.

Note

1. We may use noinstead of not anyor not a/an:

There aren’t any ghosts in the castle. = There are no ghosts in the castle.

2. We use no one, nobody, nothing or none of as the negative of all;

All the students are ready. Nobody is ready. No one is ready. None of them are ready.

All this is true. None of it is true. Nothing is true.

3. We use none instead of no ₊noun:

We have no coffee. What about a cup of coffee? - I’m afraid, we have none.

How many students of your group failed the exam? – None.

4. We use the preposition of

№	after the words	before	when	examples
1	some, any, none, neither, either all, both	personal pronouns	always	some of it, neither of them all of you, both of us
2	some, any, none, neither, either	the, demonstrative and possessive pronouns	always	some of the books any of these people none of my friends
3	all, both	the, demonstrative and possessive pronouns	as an option	all (of) the students both (of) my sisters

5. We often use one, not to repeat a countable noun in the singular and in the plural.

№	position	use	examples
1	after adjectives	always	Look at these apples. I’ll take the green ones. I want this large one. I like these small ones.
2	after which, this, that and superlative adjectives	sometimes	There are two apples left on the plate. Which (one) would you like? This (one) or that (one)?
3	after these and those	usually not	I want these, I don’t want those.
4	after possessive pronouns	never	My dog is more intelligent than yours. My dog is more intelligent than John’s.

Ex. 13. Fill in of where necessary.

1. I liked none …… these pictures. 2. Some ……. people are afraid of dogs. 3. All ………. my friends are here today. 4. All ……… us like jazz. 5. Both ……. cafes are good. Neither ……. them is very expensive. 6. I tried two shops for the bag I wanted but neither …… had it. 7. Neither …… us is good at Maths. 8. All …….. children like to play. 9. Some …… the children went home. 10. Both … his cars are fast. 11. Neither …… my parents speak English.

Ex. 14. Complete the sentences.

1. Nobody ……. absent, …… they? 2. Everyone …… here. 3. Neither my friends nor I …… fond of bowling. 4. Neither of us …… this sum of money. 5. …… any of you like action films? 6. All the guests …… at table already. 7. Everybody …… ready. 8. None of us …… busy tonight. 9. Both my parents and I ……… at home next Sunday. 10. …… anybody have news?

Ex . 15. Fill in some, any, no or their derivatives.

1. I had …… small change, so I had to borrow ……… 2. Would you like… ……… to eat? 3. She was too sleepy to do ………housework. 4. Can I have ……… jam with my tea? 5. You can buy a plastic bag at ……… shop. 6. Look! ………… is following us. – Where? I can see …… …… 7. If ………… wants to go now, they can. 8. It’s all the same here. ……… has changed. 9. There was ………… in the room. I could hear the steps. But when I came upstairs I saw ……………. The room was empty. 10. …… news is good news. 11. If ……… of you are tired, you may have ……… rest. 12. You can exchange money at …… bank. 13. He was too busy to notice …………… 14. Do …… of your friends like horror movies? - ………do. 15. ……… can help us. We are lost. 16. I don’t need …… advice. 17. ……… people think Marilyn Manson is horrible. 18. He’s lonely. He has …… friends here. 19. I want …… information, …… information you have. 20. Jake was upset about ….………… and refused to eat …… 21. .................... thinks of changing the world, but ............... thinks of changing himself.

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