CLIMATE AND WEATHER IN GREAT BRITAIN 14 страница
MY FAVOURITE BOOK
I've recently read a book which has made a very deep impression on me. It's called Gone with the Wind and it makes really unforgettable reading. The author of the book is Margaret Mitchell. She was born in Atlanta, Georgia, into a family of the president of the Atlanta Historical Society. All the family were interested in American history and she grew up in an atmosphere of stories about the Civil War.
After graduating from college Margaret Mitchell worked for a time for the Atlanta Journal. In 1925 she got married. In the following ten years she put on paper all the stories she had heard about the Civil War. The result was Gone with the Wind. It was first published in 1936 and became the talking point of all America. In 1939 it was made into a highly successful film. Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable played the leading roles. Vivien Leigh won the Oscar.
Everyone loved her high-spirited and beautiful heroine, Scarlett O'Hara.
The story is set around the time of the American Civil War (1861-65) when the Southern States went to war with the North to defend their way of life. It was a way of life in which rich gentry lived in large houses and owned huge areas of land, cultivated by black slaves. Scarlett O'Hara was born into one of these rich houses. When this way of life was destroyed and all her family's wealth taken away by the advancing Northerners, the spoilt, willful Scarlet had to grow up and use all her wit and intelligence — and beauty — to build a new life.
But Gone with the Wind is also about a love triangle. While Scarlett loves the quiet, gentlemanly Ashley Wilkes, the wild and decidedly ungentlemanly Rhett Butler is in love with her. After Ashley marries someone else, and after many adventures of her own, Scarlett does marry Rhett — but only for money.
The marriage is stormy and eventually Rhett walks out on her, but by that time Scarlett has realized that she loves him after all. Scarlett thinks of some way of getting him back, but we never know if she does.
Margaret Mitchell never wrote a sequel to answer this burning question.
She died in 1949 in a car crash.
In 1991 a publishing company asked Alexandra Ripley, a historical novelist to do the job. Her novel Scarlett was not in the same class as the original. Critics have been writing very bad reviews of Scarlett, but the book is popular with the public.
Names
Gone with the Wind Унесенные ветром
Margaret Mitchell [,ma:garat 'mitfal] Маргарет
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Митчелл
Atlanta [atlaenta] г. Атланта
Georgia ['с!зо:с1зэ] Джорджия (штат в США)
the Civil ['sivil] War Гражданская война
между Севером и Югом
Vivien Leigh [,vivian 1i:] Вивьен Ли
Clark Gable [,kla:k -geibl] Кларк Гейбл
Oscar ['oska] Оскар (премия, ежегодно вручаемая в
США за выдающиеся достижения в киноискусстве)
Scarlett O'Hara |>ka:lit эи'Ьа:гэ] Скарлет О'Хара
Alexandra Ripley [yaelig'za:ndra 'ripli]] Александра
Риплей
Vocabulary
it became the talking point of all America
о ней говорили по всей Америке
a highly successful film фильм, пользующийся
большим успехом
high-spirited [,hai'spiritid] отважный, пылкий
heroine ['herauin] героиня
southern ['влдэп] южный
to defend [di'fend] защищать
gentry ['dsentri] господа (нетитулованное
мелкопоместное дворянство)
to own [aun] владеть, иметь в собственности
huge [hju:d3] огромный
area ['earia] площадь, пространство
to cultivate ['kAltiveit] обрабатывать
slave [sleiv] раб
to destroy [dis'troi] разрушать, уничтожать
wealth [welG] богатство
to advance [ad'va:ns] продвигаться вперед
northerner ['no:dana] северянин
spoilt [spoilt] избалованный
willful ['wilful] упрямый
wit сообразительность
triangle [traiaeggl] треугольник
gentlemanly ['djentlmanli] воспитанный
wild [waild] неистовый, дикий
decidedly [di'saididli] явно
stormy ['sto:mi] бурный
eventually [iventjuali] в конечном счете
to walk out on smb уйти (от жены, мужа)
burning ['Ьз:гнд] жгучий
sequel ['si:kwal] продолжение
review [ri'vju:] обзор
Questions
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1. What do you think made Margaret Mitchell write a book about the Civil War?
2. Who starred in the film Gone with the Wind] Was the film successful?
3. Who are the main characters of the book Gone with the WincH
4. What is the story set around?
5. What can you say about Scarlett O'Hara?
6. Was it Margaret Mitchell who wrote the sequel under the Scarlett title?
7. Is the book popular with the public?
8. Have you read it? Did you read it in Russian or in the original?
TRETYAKOV GALLERY
The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the best-known picture galleries in Russia. It takes its name from its founder Pavel Tretyakov, a Moscow merchant and art connoisseur.
In the mid-19th century, Tretyakov began to collect Russian paintings.
He visited all the exhibitions and art studios and bought the best pictures of contemporary artists. He was especially fond of the works of the Peredvizhniki (or Wanderers) — the artists who belonged to the Society of Travelling Art Exhibitions. Little by little Tretyakov extended his range of interest and began to collect earlier Russian paintings. More than once he had to add wings to his house in Lavrushinsky Pereulok, because his collection grew larger and larger.
In 1881 Pavel Tretyakov opened his collection to the public. 11 years later he donated it to the city of Moscow. Since then the gallery has received hundreds of pictures from other museums and private collections.
The Tretyakov Gallery reflects the whole history of Russian art, from the 11th century to the present day.
It has a rich collection of old Russian icons. The world-famous icon is The Trinity, painted in the early 15th century by Andrei Rublev.
The gallery contains halls devoted to the magnificent works of such 18th-century celebrities as Rokotov, Levitsky, Borovikovsky, Shchedrin.
The first half of the 19th century is represented by brilliant paintings by Bryullov, Tropinin, Ivanov, Venetsianov. The second half of the 19th century is especially well represented. The gallery has the best collection of the Peredvizhniki, such as Kramskoy, Perov, Ghe, Yaroshenko, Myasoyedov, and others. Linked with the Peredvizhniki are such great names in Russian art as Surikov, Repin, Vereshchagin, Vasnetsov, Levitan. There you can see historical paintings, portraits, still-lifes, landscapes, seascapes, etc.
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Further on we find the cream of turn-of-the century Russian art: Serov, Vrubel, Kustodiev...
Canvases of modern painters are housed in the new building situated on Krymskaya Naberezhnaya (Crimean Embankment).
The Tretyakov Gallery is not only Russia's biggest and most important museum of Russian Art. It's also a research, cultural and educational centre.
Names
the State Tretyakov ['tretjakof] Gallery ['gaelari]
Государственная Третьяковская галерея
the Society [sa'saiati] of Travelling Art Exhibitions
Товарищество передвижных выставок
The Trinity ['triniti] Троица
Vocabulary
merchant ['rrratjant] купец
connoisseur [,koni's3:] знаток
studio ['stu:(stju:)diau] студия
contemporary [kan'temprari] современный
little by little мало-помалу, понемногу
to extend [iks'tend] расширить
range [reinds] of interest круг интересов
wing крыло, флигель, пристройка к дому
to open to the public открыть для посетителей
to donate [dau'neit] преподносить в качестве дара,
передавать в дар
private f'praivit] collection частная коллекция
to reflect [ri'flekt] отражать
icon [ aikan] икона
to contain [kan'tein] содержать
to devote [di'vaut] to посвящать (чему-либо, кому-либо)
magnificent [mag'nifisant] великолепный
celebrity [si'lebriti] знаменитость
to represent [/epri'zent] представлять
to link связывать
portrait ['po:trit] портрет
still-life натюрморт (мн.число still-lifes)
landscape [Isenskeip] пейзаж
seascape ['si:skeip] морской пейзаж
further on далее
cream [krhrn] цвет, "сливки", самое лучшее
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turn-of-the century начало века
canvas ['kaenvas] холст, полотно
to house [hauz] помещать, размещать
research [ri'sartf] научно-исследовательский
Questions
1. When did Pavel Tretyakov begin to collect Russian paintings?
2. Whose works was he especially fond of?
3. What do you know about the Peredvizhniki?
4. Where did Tretyakov keep his collection?
5. When did he open his collection to the public?
6. What did Tretyakov do with his collection?
7. Who was The Trinity painted by?
8. Do you know any other famous icon-painters?
9. What 18th century portrait-painters do you know?
10. Why is the second half of the 19th century especially well represented at the Gallery?
11. What great Russian names are linked with the Peredvizhniki?
12. What tum-of-the-century Russian artists do you know?
13. Where are canvases of modern painters housed?
14. When did you last go to the Tretyakov Gallery?
15. Who are your favourite Russian painters?
VALENTIN SEROV
One of my favourite artists is Valentin Serov. When I first saw his famous pictures - - the Girl with Peaches and the Girl in the Sunlight - - in the Tretyakov Gallery, frankly speaking, I wasn't too impressed. The girls seemed quite ordinary and I couldn't understand what was so special about these portraits.
Some years later I happened to be in Abramtsevo, where these two pictures had been painted. It's a very beautiful place. Abramtsevo belonged to Savva Mamontov, a well known patron of arts. Our guide told us about the people who had been invited there. It seemed that all artists, actors and writers of that period had stayed at Abramtsevo or at least visited it.
When I went to the Tretyakov Gallery after that and looked at the Girl with Peaches again, I suddenly remembered that day in Abramtsevo, and for the first time I noticed the play of light and shade in the picture, the atmosphere of a sunny summer day.
It's surprising that Serov painted this picture when he was only 22 years old. I read somewhere that at the time he had not seen the works of French Impressionists, who tried to catch the sunlight and the air and transfer it to the canvas. But he managed to do it perfectly.
Serov was born in 1865. His father was a well-known composer and the boy grew up in the atmosphere of creative activity. His first art teacher was Repin, who noticed that the boy could catch the likeness of a model often more quickly and surely than older artists.
Later Serov studied at the Academy of Fine Arts and graduated from it when he was 20.
For several years he taught at Moscow School of Painting Sculpture and Architecture. But teaching did not interfere with his painting. Probably now he would be called a workaholic. He painted almost 700 canvases, though, unfortunately, his life was not very long — he died in 1911.
He was a brilliant landscape painter, he created genre scenes, but he is mostly remembered as a portraitist. The list of his portraits reads as "who-iswho" in Russian culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He painted Sawa Mamontov, Konstantin Korovin, Ilya Repin, Isaak Levitan, Nikolai
Leskov, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, the great actress Yermolova ... The list can be continued. And practically all his portraits are excellent from the technicalpoint of view — the colours, the composition, but there is more than that - they show people's personality.
Names
Valentin Serov [vaelan,tin si:'rof] Валентин Серов
Tretyakov Gallery [,tretjakof 'gaelari]
Третьяковская галерея
Abramtsevo [a:'bra:mtsavau] Абрамцево
Sawa Mamontov Lsa:va tnarmantof] Савва Мамонтов
Girl with Peaches Девочка с персиками
Girl in the Sunlight Девушка, освещенная солнцем
Academy of Fine Arts Академия изящных
искусств
Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture ['skAlptfa]
and Architecture ['arkitektja] Московское учили-
ще живописи, ваяния и зодчества
Vocabulary
frankly speaking откровенно говоря
to be impressed [im'prest] быть под впечатлением
ordinary [-o:danri] обыкновенный
special ['spejl] особенный
to belong [bi'loq] принадлежать
patron ['peitrn] of arts покровитель искусств
guide [gaid] гид, экскурсовод
atmosphere [ aetmasfia] атмосфера
Impressionist [im'prejanist] импрессионист
to transfer [trans'fa:] переносить
canvas ['kaenvas] полотно
composer [kam'pauza] композитор
creative [kri'eitiv] activity творческая деятельность
likeness [laiknis] сходство
to interfere [jnta'fia] with мешать
workaholic [.waika'holik] трудоголик
landscape ['laenskeip] painter пейзажист
genre scene ['зэпгэ ,si:n] жанровая сцена
portraitist fportratist] портретист
reads as читается как
"who-is-who" "кто есть кто"
from the technical ['teknikl] point of view [yju:]
с точки зрения техники
personality [.paisa'naeliti] личность, характер
Questions
1. What is Abramtsevo famous for?
2. Who did Sawa Mamontov invite to Abramtsevo?
3. When was Valentin Serov born?
4. Who was his first teacher?
5. Where did Serov study?
6. How old was he when he painted the Girl with Peaches!
7. How many canvases did he paint?
8. What kind of pictures did Serov paint?
9. Can you name any of his famous portraits?
10. Who is your favourite painter?
11. Have you ever been to the Tretyakov Gallery?
12. What kind of pictures do you prefer — portraits, landscapes, genre scenes?
13. Somebody said that when an artist creates a portrait it is not a portrait of his sitter, but a portrait of the artist himself. Do you agree?
ISAAC LEVITAN
Isaac Ilyich Levitan, the great Russian artist, became the first painter of the Russian scenery, who revealed all its beauty. He is a real poet of the Russian countryside. He continued and developed the traditions of painters of the Russian realistic school — Savrasov, Polenov, Serov. Levitan found significant meaning and poetry in what would seem the most everyday subjects.
He is a very individual sort of painter. You can't but appreciate his paintings, because there is something in his landscapes that reflects our own moods.
He deeply felt what he wished to express and his brush transferred these feelings to the canvas. It is interesting to note that a master of landscape, he never introduced figures into it. Though if you look at the Autumn Day in Sokolniki — everything seems to bring out the loneliness of the figure in the centre: the trees losing their leaves, the remote, indifferent sky, the path going off into the distance. But the fact is that it was not Levitan who painted the figure. It was Checkov's brother Nicolai who did it.
His travels over the Volga region influenced Levitan's art, the impression made on him by the great Russian river was unforgettable. For his life and painting he chose Plyoss — a small beautiful town on the Volga. His paintings Evening, Golden Plyoss, After Rain reflect his love for nature.
Last summer I visited Plyoss and saw the places where the great pictures were painted. Many people admire his pictures Deep Waters, Evening Bells, Springtime, The Last Snow and, of course, his famous Golden Autumn. All his paintings are very emotional, lyrical and realistic.
In the closing years of his life Levitan made several journeys abroad to France, Italy and Germany where he painted a number of landscapes, although his best works of the period were devoted to Russia. He was only 40 when he died in 1900.
Levitan's influence on the painters of lyrical landscapes was great.
Levitan's feeling for nature, his great love for his native land, his ability to reveal and depict the poetry of the Russian land have won his paintings the love and gratitude of people.
Names
Isaac Ilyich Levitan [i'sa:k ilj'itj ,levi'ta:n] Savrasov [ssvra:sof] Саврасов А.К. (русский
Исаак Ильич Левитан (1860-1900) живописец, передвижник)
Polenov [po'lenof] Поленов В.Д. (русский
живописец, передвижник)
Serov [sh'rof] Серов В.А. (русский живописец,
передвижник)
Plyoss [pljos] Плес (город на берегу Волги)
Vocabulary
scenery ['shnari] пейзаж
to reveal [rivkl] открывать, обнаруживать
countryside ['kAntrisaid] сельская местность
to develop [di'velap] развивать, совершенствовать
realistic [ria'listik] реалистический
significant [sig'nifikant] важный, значительный
individual [jndi'vidjual] индивидуальный,
особенный, оригинальный
you can't but нельзя не...
to appreciate [a'prifieit] ценить
landscape [Isenskeip] пейзаж
to reflect [ri'flekt] отражать
mood [mu:d] настроение
to express [iks'pres] выражать, отражать
brush кисть
to transfer [traens'fa:] переносить
canvas ['kaenvas] холст, полотно
to introduce [,intre'dju:s] вводить, представлять,
вносить
figure ['figa] фигура
to bring out выявлять, обнаруживать
loneliness ['iaunlinisj одиночество
remote [ri'maut] отдаленный
indifferent [in'difrant] безразличный, равнодушный,
холодный
to influence ['influans] влиять
to make an impression [im'prejn] on производить
впечатление на
unforgettable [yvnfa'getabl] незабываемый
to admire [ad'maia] восхищаться
emotional [i'maufanl] эмоциональный, волнующий
lyrical [lirikl] лирический
closing ['klauzig] years последние годы (жизни)
journey f'd33:ni] поездка, путешествие
abroad [a'bro:d] за границей, за границу
although [э:1'Ээи] хотя
to devote [dhreut] to посвящать (кому-либо,
чему-либо)
to depict [di'pikt] изображать, рисовать
gratitude ['grsetitju:d] благодарность
Questions
1. What is Levitan famous for?
2. Levitan is a very individual sort of painter. Can you prove it?
3. What traditions did Levitan continue and develop?
4. What place did Levitan choose for his life and painting?
5. Did the Volga influence his art?
6. How old was Levitan when he died?
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