CLIMATE AND WEATHER IN GREAT BRITAIN 15 страница
7. Why do so many people like his pictures?
8. Who is your favourite Russian painter?
MOZART
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is one of the greatest composers ever born. Like Shakespeare, he stands at the summit of human achievement. In every form, from serenade to fugue, from piano concerto and symphony to the heights of grand opera, his music amazes, enchants and invades the memory.
Thousands of books have been written about Mozart. Few lives have ever been so well documented as his, and yet he is one of the most mysterious figures in the world.
Mozart was born in 1756 in Salzburg, Austria.
He began playing the piano at 4, and when he was 5 years old, he already composed serious music. His father took him on tours of Western Europe and Italy and the boy was always a success.
Then the prodigy ripened into genius. The genius conquered Vienna and the world. Mozart's fame was great. He met all the great figures of his time, from Haydn to Goethe, from George III to the luckless Marie Antoinette. But then he suddenly fell from favour. The Vienna aristocracy grew tired of him. He lost pupils and contracts, had to move from his comfortable house in the centre to a modest flat in the suburbs. The genius was forgotten.
Mozart died in 1791, when he was only 35 years old. There's a legend that Mozart was poisoned by his rival composer Antonio Salieri. There's no truth in this legend, though it inspired many great poets, writers and composers. But it has been proved that in the last months of his life Mozart really believed that he was pursued by a spirit, "the grey messenger", who appeared and ordered him to write a requiem. In a state of depression Mozart imagined that he was to write the requiem for himself.
Not long ago a 150-volume edition of Mozart's works was published.
His works include 41 symphonies, nearly 30 piano concertos, 19 operas, a vast quantity of orchestral and other instrumental music, and volumes of church music (he wrote it mostly for financial reasons). His most famous operas are Don Giovanni, The Magic Flute and The Marriage of Figaro.
Names
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ['wulfgaerj 8ema,deias Haydn ['haidn] Гайдн (знаменитый австрийский
'meutsa:t] Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт композитор)
Salzburg ['saeltsbaig] Зальцбург Goethe ['дз:1э] Гете (знаменитый немецкий поэт,
Austria ['ostria] Австрия автор "Фауста")
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Vienna [vi'ena] Вена Salieri |>aeli'eri] Сальери
George III [,d3o:d3 da '03:d] Георг III (король ])on Giovanni [,don d3au'va:ni] Дон-Жуан
Великобритании и Ирландии с 1738 по 1820 г.; Пе м .. рШе ^ ,flu.t] Волшебная
считался безумным) .
Marie Antoinette [,maeri sentwa'net] Мария
Антуанетта (королева Франции, жена The Marriage of Figaro [,maerid3 av 'figarau]
Людовика XVI; была гильотинирована во Свадьба Фигаро
время Великой Французской революции)
Vocabulary
composer [kam'pauza] композитор luckless [>klas] несчастливый, злополучный
summit ['SAmit] вершина to fall from favour ['feiva] впасть в немилость
achievement [a'tfkvmant] достижение aristocracy [,aeris'tokrasi] аристократия
serenade [,seri"neid] серенада modest ^^1} скромный
fugue [fiu:g] фуга in the suburbs ['злЬз:Ьг] на окраине города
piano concerto [kan'tf3:tau] фортепьянный концерт voiume [volju-m] том
symphony ['simfani] симфония е(,Шоп [Щп] юдание
grand opera [,grand 'эрага] большая опера ,е
(в противоп. комической опере или оперетте)
to amaze [a'meiz] изумлять, поражать to Polson К50*1! ° травлять, отравить
to enchant [in'tja:nt] околдовать, очаровывать r*va" t'raivl] соперник
to invade [in'veid] овладевать, охватывать to inspire [in'spaia] вдохновлять
(о чувствах и т.п.) to pursue [pa'sju:] преследовать
genius ['d3i:nias] гений spirit ['spirit] дух, призрак
mysterious [mfstiarias] таинственный, загадочный messenger ['mesindsa] посланник
to compose [kam'pauz] сочинять музыку to order ['o:da] приказывать
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tour [tua] гастроли, выступления, поездка requiem ['rekwiem] реквием (хоровое произведение
prodigy ['prodid3i] вундеркинд, необыкновенно траурного характера)
одаренный человек vast quantity f'kwontiti] огромное количество
to ripen ['raipn] созревать, превращаться orchestral [o:'kestral] оркестровый
to conquer ['korjka] завоевывать instrumental [ jnstra'mentl] инструментальный
Questions
1. Why is Mozart so often compared with Shakespeare?
2. Is Mozart's life well documented?
3. When did he begin playing the piano?
4. How old was he when he began composing serious music?
5. Was Mozart's fame long?
6. How did he spend the last years of his short life?
7. Was Mozart poisoned?
8. Have you read Pushkin's Mozart and Salieri? Do you remember the end of this "little tragedy"?
9. Have you heard Rimsky-Korsakov's opera Mozart and Saliertf
10. What made Mozart write his famous requiem?
11. Mozart was an unusually prolific (плодовитый) composer, wasn't he? What kind of music did he write?
12. What do you think of Mozart's music?
MY FAVOURITE SINGER
My favourite singer is Michael Jackson. I like his songs very much because they are full of energy and very melodic. I also like the way he dances.
There were nine children in Michael's family. They lived in a small fourroom house. Today he lives in a house which has seventeen rooms downstairs and sixteen rooms upstaires. It stands in 2,700 acres of ground. Besides the house there are guest houses, a golf course, a swimming pool, tennis courts, stables, gardens, lakes, forests and a zoo.
A lot of strange stories are told about Jackson. It's difficult to decide whether they are true or not. Michael never gives interviews and is rarely seen in public, except on stage. Certainly his behaviour may seem eccentric. In public he often wears a face mask to protect himself from germs, he sleeps inside an oxygen capsule, which he believes will help him to live longer. But his manager says that Jackson isn't eccentric. He is just shy. Michael sang in public for the first time when he was five. Since that time he has always been in the public eye. And since that time he has been working like a grown-up.
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There were times when he came home from school and he only had time to put his books and get ready for the studio. He often sang until late at night, even if it was past his bedtime. There was a park across the street from the studio, and Michael looked at the kids playing games. And he just stared at them in wonder — he couldn't imagine such freedom, such a carefree life.
Now he says about himself that in the crowd he is afraid, on stage he is safe. Off stage he feels happiest with animals and children. He is well-known for his childish tastes. It's not a secret that his favourite hero is Peter Pan.
Michael has been called "the child who never grew up", but I think he is a grown-up who was never allowed to be a child.
Whether he is crazy, childish, eccentric or just shy, he is no fool. He has created a brilliantly successful image, he makes a lot of money and spends it on the things he wants. Who wouldn't like to do the same?
Names
Michael Jackson [,maikl 'c^seksn] Майкл Джексон
Peter Pan Питер Пэн (герой книг английского писателя Джеймса Барри, мальчик, который не рос)
Vocabulary
energy [-enad3i] энергия
melodic [mi'bdik] мелодичный
the way he dances как он танцует
acre ['eika] акр
golf course ['golf ,ko:s] поле для гольфа
stable ['steibl] конюшня
interview [Intavju:] интервью
rarely [Yeali] редко
behaviour [bi'heivje] поведение
eccentric [ak'sentrik] эксцентричный
mask [ma:sk] маска
to protect [pra'tekt] защищать
germ [d33:m] бактерия
oxygene capsule ['oksidgan 'kaepsju:!]
кислородная капсула
shy [Jai] застенчивый
in the public eye на виду
grown-up [,дгэип'лр] взрослый
studio ['stu:(stju:)diau] студия
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it was past his bedtime ему давно было пора
ложиться спать
to stare ['stea] in wonder ['vwvnda] смотреть в
изумлении
to imagine [irnsedsin] представлять себе
carefree ['keafri:] беззаботный
crowd [kraud ] толпа
on stage he is safe на сцене он чувствует себя
в безопасности
childish ['tjaildif] детский
to allow [a'lau] разрешать, позволять
crazy f'kreizi] сумасшедший
Questions
1. What role does music play in your life?
2. What kind of music do you like?
3. How often do you listen to music?
4. Do you like Michael Jackson's songs?
5. Do you think that his behaviour is eccentric?
6. Why is Michael Jackson often compared to Peter Pan?
7. Do you think his childhood was happy?
8. When does Michael feel happiest?
9. Are all the stories printed about Michael Jackson true?
10. Do you like the way Michael dances?
THE BIRTH OF THE "SEVENTH ART"
Can you imagine life without films or television, cinema's little sister?
Today we can watch television 24 hours a day, we can go to the cinema or put a cassette into our video when we want. We can even make video films ourselves.
But imagine the surprise and the shock that people felt when they saw the first films in 1895! There was no sound, no colour and the films were very short: they lasted from 60 to 90 seconds! Besides, they did not tell a story.
They were glimpses of real life: a military parade, a running horse, a boxing match, the ocean ... One of the first films showed a train coming towards the camera. The audience panicked and ran away! The frightened people were sure that the train was coming into the theatre.
The early films were shown in music halls, theatres, cafes and even shops. Travelling projectionists brought the films to smaller cities and country towns.
The cinema was the perfect popular entertainment. It was not expensive and, at first, the audience consisted mainly of workers. The rich and intellectual classes ignored it. They didn't think it was art.
Gradually films became longer and started to tell stories. Edwin Porter was one of the first directors who made such a film in 1903. It was The Great Train Robbery, the first Western in the history of the cinema. This 11-minute film became a sensational hit.
As soon as the films learned to tell stories, they began to film the classics.
Silent films had orchestras or pianists. Later, printed titles were invented.
Film-makers soon learned how to use special effects. The first known special effect was created in 1895 by Alfred Clark in The Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. It was a simple trick: the camera was stopped and the actress replaced with a doll.
In 1911 the first studio was opened in Hollywood, Los Angeles. Filmmakers soon realised that the place was perfect for shooting nearly any film — it had mountains, desert and ocean. Soon nearly all important American studios were in Hollywood. The next thirty years became Hollywood's greatest years.
The era of the talking film began in 1927 with the enormous success of Warner Brothers' The Jazz Singer. The film mostly told its story with titles, but it had three songs and a short dialogue. There were long queues in front of the Warner Theatre in New York... The silent film was dead within a year.
The first colour films were made in the 1930s. The introduction of colour was less revolutionary than the introduction of sound. The silent film soon disappeared, but the black-and-white films are made even today.
The most important aspect of the cinema was that, for the price of a ticket, people could dream for a few hours. The little boy who went to a Saturday matinee in Manchester or Marseilles could imagine he was a courageous cowboy. The mother in Birmingham or Berlin could imagine she was Scarlett O'Hara in the arms of Rhett Butler.
Today, no one disputes cinema's place as the "seventh art". It has provided as many great artists as literature, the theatre, and any of the other arts.
Names
Edwin Porter [,edwin 'po:ta] Эдвин Портер
The Great Train Robbery frobari]
Большое ограбление поезда
Alfred Clark Lselfrad 'kla:k] Альфред Кларк
The Execution [,eksi'kju:fn] of Mary, Queen of Scots
Казнь Марии, королевы шотландской
Hollywood ['holiwud] Голливуд
Los Angeles [los 'ззпйзэШг] Лос-Анджелес
Warner Brothers ['wo:na ,Ьглдэг] Уорнер Бразерз
(известная американская кинокомпания)
The Jazz [d3sez] Singer Джазовый певец
Manchester ['maentfista] Манчестер
Marseilles [marsei] Марсель
Birmingham [temirjem] Бермингем
Berlin [bai'lin] Берлин
Scarlett O'Hara Lska:lit au'ha:ra] Скарлет О'Хара
(героиня книги и фильма «Унесенные ветром»)
Rhett Butler [,ret 'ЬлИэ] Рет Батлер (герой книги и
фильма «Унесенные ветром»)
Vocabulalry
cassette [ka'set] кассета
video ['vidiau] видеомагнитофон
glimpse [glimps] зд. картинка (реальной жизни)
military parade [jnilitari pa'reid] военный
парад
surprise [sa'praiz] удивление
towards [to:dz ] по направлению к
audience ['o:dians] публика, зрители
to panick ['paenik] впадать в панику
projectionist [pra'd3ekfanist] киномеханик
entertainment [,enta'teinment] зрелище,
развлечение
expensive [iks'pensiv] дорогой, дорогостоящий
intellectual [jnta'lektjual] интеллектуальный
to ignore [ig'no:] не замечать, игнорировать
gradually ['graedjuali] постепенно
director [di'rekta] режиссер
Western f'westan] вестерн
to be a sensational [sen'seifanal] hit иметь
сенсационный успех
classic ['klaesik] классика, классическое произведение
silent ['salient] film немой фильм
orchestra ['o:kastra] оркестр
title ['tartl] титр
film-maker ['film/neika] создатель фильма, режиссер
special effect [,spejal i'fekt] спецэффект
trick [trik] трюк
to replace [ri'pleis] заменять
studio ['stu:(stju:)diau] студия
to shoot [fu:t] (shot) снимать (фильм)
desert ['dezat] пустыня
era [1эгэ] эра, эпоха
enormous [i'no:mas] огромный
queue [kju:] очередь
introduction [jntra'dAkJn] введение, внедрение
revolutionary [,reva'lu:Janari] революционный
price [prais] цена
matinee ['maetinei] фр. дневной спектакль to dispute [dis'pju:t] ставить под сомнение,
или сеанс (в кино) оспаривать; сомневаться
courageous [ka'reidsas] смелый, храбрый to provide [pravaid] давать, предоставлять
cowboy ['kauboi] ковбой
Questions
1. In 1895 the French Lumiere [lu'miea] brothers showed their first films in public. Were they different from modern films?
2. Where were the early films shown?
3. Why did the rich and intellectual classes ignore the cinema?
4. Why did The Great Train Robbery become a sensational hit?
5. When was the first special effect created?
6. When did the first studio open in Hollywood?
7. Why did film-makers like Hollywood?
8. Have you ever seen a silent film? Did you like it?
9. When did the era of the talking film begin?
10. Was the introduction of colour as revolutionary as the introduction of sound?
11. Do you agree that the cinema is "the seventh art"? Why?
12. Do you often go to the cinema?
13. What films do you like to see?
14. Who are your favourite actors?
15. Who are your favourite film directors?
DAVID DUCHOVNY
David Duchovny was born in New York City on the 7th of August, 1960.
His father is a writer and his mother is a housewife. Before David was bom his parents had been English teachers. When his parents divorced, David was raised by his mother, along with his sister Laurie and his brother Daniel.
David went to a prestigious private school in Manhattan. "He was a very bright kid with a brilliant sense of humour," his father remembers. "At school he was always top of the class."
After school he entered Princeton University. Then he studied English Literature at Yale University and worked as a teaching assistant.
David was working at his PhD thesis at Yale when one of his friends suggested that he should try acting classes.
Duchovny's PhD thesis, Magic and Technology in Contemporary Fiction and Poetry was never finished. He moved to Hollywood.
His mother was angry when he had given up studying. Even now, when she speaks to him on the phone, she always asks him: "When are you going to finish your thesis?" He laughs and says: "Later, later."
David's first year in Hollywood was very hard. He was unemployed and could hardly make both ends meet. Luckily, he was invited to play in a commercial and later in a feature film. "Acting gave me a sense of team and I liked this very much," David says.
Very soon Duchovny appeared in such feature films as Chaplin, Beethoven and California.
His work in the movies attracted the attention of Chris Carter, the famous creator of The X-Files. A TV series weren't in Duchovny's plans but he was impressed by the script for The X-Files. So he became agent Fox Mulder.
David is very surprised not only by the success of The X-Files but by his own personal popularity.
Actors who have worked with him describe him as modest, professional and hard-working.
David is fond of sports. He played basketball and baseball at school and university. He keeps in shape with jogging and yoga exercises.
He writes poetry, but, as he says, he does not read it in public any more.
Names
David Duchovny [,deivid du'kovni] Дейвид Духовный Laurie ['b:ri] Лори
Daniel ['daenjsl] Даниил
Manhattan [maen'haetn] Манхеттен (центральный
район Нью-Йорка)
Princeton University [prinstan juni'vaisiti]
Принстонский университет (один из старейших
университетов США)
Yale University [jell junhraisiti] Йельский
университет (один из старейших и и наиболее
престижных университетов США)
Hollywood ['holiwud] Голливуд
Chaplin ['tjaeplin] Чаплин
Beethoven ['beithauvn] Бетховен
California [,kaeli'fo:nia] Калифорния
Chris Carter [,kris 'ka:ta] Крис Картер
The X-Files [9i 'eks ,failz] Секретные материалы
Fox Mulder. Lfoks 'nrv\lda] Фокс Малдер
Vocabulary
to divorce [di'vois] разводиться
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