CLIMATE AND WEATHER IN GREAT BRITAIN 13 страница
Twelfth Night [,twelf0 'nait] Двенадцатая ночь
Much Ado [a'du:] About Nothing
Много шума из ничего
Henry IV [,henri da 'fo:9] Генрих IV
Richard III [,ritfad За 03:d] Ричард III
Westminster Abbey [,westminstar 'aebi]
Вестминстерское аббатсво
Vocabulary
playwright ['pleirait] драматург
fame ['feim] слава
glove-maker ['gl/wmeika] перчаточник
to fall into debt ['del] влезть в долги
trade [treid] ремесло
marriage ['maeridj] брак
to hold [tiauld] (held) держать
member ['memba] член
successful [sak'sesfal] удачливый, имеющий
успех
acting company ['tampani] театральная труппа
it's highly probable ['prababl] весьма вероятно
to perform [pa'fo:m] играть, исполнять
stage [steid3] сцена
however [hau'eve] однако, тем не менее
could no longer use больше не могут использовать
had nowhere else to perform негде было играть
in the dead [ded] of night под покровом ночи
troop [tru:p] труппа
to take down разобрать
timber by timber ['timba] по бревну
brick by brick [brik] по кирпичику
audience ['ordians] зрители
to get wet промокнуть
scenery ['shnari] декорации
props [props] реквизит
lighting [laitirj] освещение
daylight fdeilait] дневной свет
in public ['pAblik] публично, на людях
to move around ['mu:v e'raund] двигаться,
передвигаться
tragedy ['traed3idi] трагедия
comedy ['komidi] комедия
may have been lost возможно, утеряны
to burn down [ten 'daun] (burnt)
сгореть (до тла)
ironically [ai'ronikeli] по иронии судьбы
to be buried ['berid] быть похороненным
church ['tja:tf] церковь
monument ['monjumant] памятник
to erect [i'rekt] воздвигать
to the memory ['memeri] of в память о
to restore [ri'sto:] восстанавливать
Questions
1. The last half of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th centuries are known as the age of Shakespeare. Can you explain why?
2. When was Shakespeare bom?
3. He lived in Stratford-on-Avon until he was twenty-one, didn't he? Why did he leave Stratford?
4. What was his first job in London?
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5. Why did the acting company decide to build a new theatre?
6. In what way was Shakespeare's Globe different from modem theatres?
7. How many plays did Shakespeare write?
8. Have you read any of his plays?
9. What happened to the Globe?
10. When was the Globe restored?
11. When did Shakespeare die?
12. Is Shakespeare famous in Russia?
ANTON CHEKHOV
My favourite writer is Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. In my opinion, he is the greatest Russian dramatist and short-story writer. I'm never tired of reading and rereading his plays and humorous stories.
Chekhov was bom in 1860 in Taganrog. In 1879 he went to Moscow, where he studied medicine. Though he practised little as a doctor in his lifetime, he was prouder of his medical knowledge than of his writing talent.
While in college, Chekhov wrote humorous sketches for comic papers to support his family. He collected the best ones into a volume, Motley Stories, in 1886. The book attracted the attention of the publisher of the Novoje Vfemja, Russia's largest paper, and Chekhov was asked to contribute stories regularly.
Chekhov, as an established writer, was able to develop a style of his own.
Though he never gave up writing comic stories, he began working in a more serious vein. In 1887 Ivanov, his first play, established Chekhov as a dramatist.
From then on, he concentrated on writing plays, as well as short stories.
Chekhov was seriously ill. He had tuberculosis and knew what it meant.
By 1892 his health was so bad that he was afraid to spend another winter in Moscow. He bought a small estate near a village Melikhovo, 50 miles from Moscow. He spent 5 years there, and those were happy years in spite of the illness. He wrote some of his best stories there, including Ward No.6, several well-known one-act comedies and two of his serious dramatic masterpieces, The Seagull and Uncle Vanya.
The Seagull was first staged in the Alexandrinsky Theatre in Petersburg.
It was a complete failure because of the dull and clumsy production. It was a cruel blow to Chekhov. However, the play was successfully performed as the first production of the Moscow Art Theatre in 1898. From then on, Chekhov was closely connected with this theatre and with its founder, K.S. Stanislavsky. In 1901 he married an Art Theatre actress, Olga Knipper, who acted in his play The Three Sisters the same year.
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Chekhov's health went from bad to worse and he had to spend the remaining years in the Crimea and other health spas.
The Cherry Orchard, his last play, was produced in 1904. Soon after the first night Chekhov died. He was 44.
Chekhov had an immense influence on the 20th century drama. Besides, several generations of writers both in Russia and abroad studied and imitated Chekhov to perfect their own literary style.
Names
Chekhov Anton Pavlovich ['tjekof ,aentan 'paevlovitf]
Чехов Антон Павлович
Taganrog [Дэедэп'год] Таганрог
Motley ['motli] Stories Пестрые рассказы
Ivanov [i'va:nof] Иванов
Ward [wo:d] No.6 Палата N 6
The Seagull ['si:,gAl] Чайка
Uncle Vanya ['AQkl 'va:nja] Дядя Ваня
the Alexandrinsky [ajegzan'drmski] Theatre
Александрийский театр
the Moscow Art Theatre Московский
Художественный театр
The Three Sisters Три сестры
the Crimea [krai'mia] Крым
The Cherry Orchard [Men 'o:tjad] Вишневый сад
Vocabulary
in my opinion по-моему
dramatist ['dramatist] драматург
humorous ['hju:maras] stories юмористические рассказы
medicine f'medsin] медицина
lifetime (вся) жизнь
to be proud [praud] of гордиться чем-либо
sketch [sketj] зарисовка, набросок
comic ['komikj комический
to support [sa'po:t] поддерживать, содержать
volume [volju:m] том
to attract [a'traekt] attention привлечь внимание
to contribute [kan'tribju:t] сотрудничать (в газете,
журнале), писать (для газеты, журнала)
regularly ['regjulali] регулярно
established [is'taeblijt] признанный, известный
to develop [di'velap] развивать
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a style of one's own собственный стиль
to give up бросить, отказаться (от чего-либо)
vein [vein] стиль, направление
from then on с тех пор, с той поры, с того времени
to concentrate ['konsantreit] on концентрироваться,
сосредоточиваться
tuberculosis [tju:,b3:kju'lausis] туберкулез
(сокр. форма: ТВ [,ti:'bi:])
estate [is'teit] поместье
one-act comedy ['komidi] одноактная комедия
masterpiece ['ma:stapi:s] шедевр
it was a complete [kam'pli:t] failure ['feilja пье-
са провалилась
dull [с!л1] скучный, монотонный
clumsy ['klAmzi] неуклюжий, грубый,
неудачный
production [pra'dAkfn] постановка
It was a cruel ['kru:al] blow to Chekhov.
Это был страшный удар для Чехова.
to perform [pa'fo:m] исполнять, играть
to go from bad to worse ухудшаться,
становиться все хуже и хуже
spa [spa:] курорт (с минеральными водами)
to produce [pra'dju:s] ставить (о пьесе)
first night премьера
immense [i'mens] огромный
influence [Influans] влияние
drama ['dra:me] драма
generation [,d3ena'rei/n] поколение
to imitate ['imiteit] подражать
to perfect [pa'fekt] совершенствовать
literary [litrari] литературный
Questions
1. Do you like Chekhov's humorous stories?
2. When and where was he born?
3. When did he begin writing his first humorous sketches?
4. Who helped Chekhov in his writing career?
5. What made Chekhov move to Melikhovo?
6. The Seagull was first staged in the Alexandrinsky Theatre. Why was it a complete failure?
7. What was Chekhov's last play?
8. Do you know any English or American writers who were influenced by Chekhov?
AGATHA CHRISTIE
Agatha Christie is known all over the world as the Queen of Crime. She wrote 78 crime novels, 19 plays and 6 romantic novels under the name of Mary Westmacott. Her books have been translated into 103 foreign languages.
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She is the third best-selling author in the world (after Shakespeare and the Bible). Many of her novels and short stories have been filmed. The Mousetrap, her most famous play, is now the longest-running play in history.
Agatha Christie was born at Torquay, Devonshire. She was educated at home and took singing lessons in Paris. She began writing at the end of the First World War. Her first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, was published in 1920. That was the first appearance of Hercule Poirot, who became one of the most popular private detectives since Sherlock Holmes. This little Belgian with the egg-shaped head and the passion for order amazes everyone by his powerful intellect and his brilliant solutions to the most complicated crimes.
Agatha Christie became generally recognised in 1926, after the publishing of her novel The Murder of Roger Ackroyd. It's still considered her masterpiece.
When Agatha Cristie got tired of Hercule Poirot she invented Miss Marple, a deceptively mild old lady with her own method of investigation.
Her last Poirot book, Curtain, appeared shortly before her death, and her last Miss Marple story, Sleeping Murder, and her autobiography were published after her death.
Agatha Christie's success with millions of readers lies in her ability to combine clever plots with excellent character drawing, and a keen sense of humour with great powers of observation. Her plots always mislead the reader and keep him in suspense. He cannot guess who the criminal is. Fortunately, evil is always conquered in her novels.
Agatha Christie's language is simple and good and it's pleasant to read her books in the original.
Names
Agatha Christie ^зедэвэ 'kristi] Агата Кристи the Bible ['baibl] Библия
Mary Westmacott [,теэп 'wes(t)makot] The Mousetrap ['maustraep] Мышеловка
МэриВестмакогт Torquay [torki:] Торки
Devonshire ['devnfla] Девоншир (графство в Англии)
The Mysterious [mis'tiarias] Affair [a'fea] at Styles
Таинственное дело в Стайпз
Hercule Poirot [ea,kju:l pwa:'rau] Эркюль Пуаро
Sherlock Holmes [Ja:lok 'haumz] Шерлок Холмс
Belgian ['ЬеМзэп] бельгиец
The Murder ['rra:da] of Roger ['rod3a] Ackroyd
['aekroid] Убийство Роджера Экройда
Miss Marple ['ma:pl] мисс Марпл
Curtain ['ka:tn] Занавес
Sleeping Murder Спящее убийство
Vocabulary
queen [kwi:n] королева
crime [kraim] преступление
to film [film] снимать фильм, экранизировать
running идущий, демонстрирующийся (о пьесе,
фильме)
appearance [a'piarans] появление
private detective [praivit dftektiv] частный детектив
egg-shaped ['egjeipt] в форме яйца, яйцевидный
the passion ['pae[n] for order страсть к порядку
to amaze [a'meiz] изумлять, поражать
powerful ['pauaful] сильный, могучий, мощный
intellect [Intilekt] интеллект
solution [sa'lu:Jn] решение, разгадка
complicated ['komplikeitid] сложный
to invent [in'vent] изобретать
deceptively [di'septivli] обманчиво
mild [maild] мягкий
method ['meSad] метод, способ, система
investigation [in,vesti'geijnj расследование
autobiography [p:tabai'ografi] автобиография
to combine [kam'bain] объединять, сочетать
plot [pbt] сюжет
character ['kaerakta] персонаж, литературный
герой, образ
to draw [dro:] (drew, drawn) выводить (образ)
keen sense of humour [hju:ma] тонкое чувство юмора
powers of observation [pbza'veijn] наблюдательность
to mislead [mis'lird] (misled) вводить в заблуждение
to keep in suspense [sAS'pense] держать в
напряжении, в мучительной неизвестности
evil [1:vl] зло
to conquer ['korjka] завоевывать
Questions
1. Some people say that reading detective stories is a waste of time. Are you of the same opinion?
2. What famous detective-story writers do you know?
3. Agatha Christie's novels have been translated into 103 languages. Shakespeare's plays have been translated into 14 languages. Do you know why?
4. When was Agatha Christie's first novel published?
5. When did general recognition come to her?
6. Can you describe Hercule Poirot?
7. What were Agatha Christie's last novels?
8. Why are her books so popular with the readers?
9. Have you read any books by Agatha Christie? Did you read them in the original or in translation?
10. Have you seen any films based on her novels?
ERNEST HEMINGWAY
Ernest Hemingway is one of the great 20th century American writers. His incredible career, and the legend which developed around his impressive personality, was that of a man of action, a devil-may-care adventurer, a brave war correspondent, an amateur boxer, a big-game hunter and deep-sea fisherman, the victim of three car accidents and two plane crashes, a man of four wives and many loves, but above all a brilliant writer of stories and novels.
Hemingway was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. His father was a doctor who initiated the boy into the outdoor life of hunting, camping and fishing. In high school Hemingway played football and wrote for the school newspaper.
In 1917, when the United States entered the First World War, Hemingway left home and schooling to become a young reporter for the Kansas City Star. He wanted to enlist for the war but was rejected because of an eye injury from football. Finally he managed to go to Europe as an ambulance driver for the Red Cross. He joined the Italian army and was seriously wounded.
His war experience and adventurous life provided the background for his many short stories and novels. He achieved success with A Farewell to Arms, the story of a love affair between an American lieutenant and an English nurse during the First World War.
Hemingway actively supported the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War and wrote another successful novel of war, love and death. It was For Whom the Bell Tolls.
During the Second World War Hemingway was a war correspondent first in China and then in Europe. He fought in France, and helped to liberate Paris.
In his later years Hemingway lived mostly in Cuba where his passion for deep-sea fishing provided the background for The Old Man and the Sea. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954.
Hemingway is famous for his lean style, which has been widely imitated but never matched. His heroes show courage in the face of danger, a characteristic which Hemingway admired greatly and which he prided himself on possessing.
Unwilling to live with the inevitable physical aging, Hemingway committed suicide, as his father had done before him under similar circumstances.
Names
Ernest Hemingway [,3:nist'hemirjwei] Эрнест Хемингуэй Illinois [JPnoi] Иллинойс (штат в США)
A Farewell [fea'wel] to Arms Прощай, оружие France [fra:ns] Франция
The Old Man and the Sea Старик и море
For Whom the Вей Tolls [taulz] По ком звонит колокол
China ['tjaina] Китай
Paris f'paeris] Париж
Cuba ['kju:ba] Куба
Nobel prize [nau,bel 'praiz] Нобелевская премия
Vocabulary
incredible [in'kredibl] невероятный
career [ka'ria] карьера, успех, жизненный путь
legend ['Ied3snd] легенда
develop [di'velap] around развиваться), создаваться)
impressive [im'presiv] впечатляющий, яркий
personality [psisa'naeliti] личность, индивидуальность
a man of action ['aekjn] человек действия
devil-may-care [,devil mei 'kea] безрассудный
adventurer [ad'ventfara] искатель приключений
brave смелый
war correspondent [,kori'spondant] военный корреспондент
amateur ['aemata] boxer боксер-любитель
a big-game hunter охотник на крупного зверя
deep-sea fisherman рыболов-глубоководник
victim ['viktim] жертва
car accident ['aeksidant] автомобильная катастрофа
plane crash авиакатастрофа
to initiate (into) [i'nijieit] познакомить, ознакомить,
посвятить
to enlist [in'list] поступить на военную службу,
записаться добровольцем
to reject [ri'd3ekt] отвергать, отклонять, не принимать
injury [1nd38ri] травма (ушиб, рана и т.п.)
ambulance ['aembjulans] driver шофер "скорой помощи"
the Red Cross Красный Крест
to be wounded ['wu:ndid] получить ранение
experience [iks'piarians] опыт, впечатление
to provide [pra'vaid] the background [traekgraund] for
послужить основой для
to achieve [a'tjhv] success [sak'ses] добиться
успеха
love affair [a'fea] любовный роман
lieutenant [leftenant] лейтенант
nurse [пз:з] медсестра
to support [sa'po:t] поддерживать
republican [ri'pAblikan] республиканец
civil ['sivil] war гражданская война
to liberate [libareit] освобождать
passion ['paejn] страсть
to award [a'wo:d] награждать
lean [li:n] скупой, без излишеств (о стиле)
to imitate [Imiteit] подражать
to match подходить, соответствовать
courage ['Iwids] мужество
characteristic [,kaerikta'ristik] характерная черта,
качество
to admire [ad'maia] восхищаться
to pride oneself on smth гордиться чем-либо
to possess [pa'zes] обладать
unwilling [/wwilirj] нежелающий, несклонный
inevitable [in'evitabl] неизбежный
physical aging [,fizikl 'eidjirj] физическое
старение
to commit suicide [ka'mit 'su:isaid] покончить
жизнь самоубийством
similar ['simila] подобный, схожий,
аналогичный
circumstance ['sarkamstans] обстоятельство
Questions
1. Hemingway's life was full of adventures, wasn't it? What legend developed around his impressive personality?
2. When and where was he born?
3. When did Hemingway begin writing?
4. Why was he rejected when he wanted to enlist for the war?
5. How did he manage to go to Europe?
6. When was he first wounded?
7. A Farewell to Arms brought Hemingway success, didn't it? What's the novel about?
8. What novel did Hemingway write after the Spanish Civil War?
9. When was he awarded the Nobel Prize for literature?
10. What is Hemingway famous for?
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