Відомі університети англомовних країн (Famous universities of English-Speaking countries)
England is famous for its educational institutes. There were many different kinds of schools in Medieval England and the English universities were one of the most significant creations. The students who attended either Oxford or Cambridge Universities set an intellectual standard that contrasted markedly with the norm of Medieval England. Today both Universities are international centres for teaching and research, attracting students and scholars from all over the world.
The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford, is one of the oldest Universities in Europe. According to legend Oxford University was founded by King Alfred the Great in 872 when he happened to meet some monks there and had a scholarly debate that lasted several days.
Long after Alfred, during the late 11th or early 12th century, it is known that Oxford became a centre of learning for clerics, from which a school or university could have sprung.
Today Oxford University is comprised of 39 colleges and 6 permanent private halls. More than 130 nationalities are represented among a student population of over 18,000. A range of scholarships offer support for international students. 30 colleges and all halls admit students for both undergraduate and graduate degrees. 7 other colleges are for graduates only; one has Fellows only, and one specializes in part-time and continuing education. Each college is practically autonomous with its own set of rules. There is central administration, providing services such as libraries, laboratories, lectures and examination.
There have been many famous people who have studied at Oxford Univeristy and they include John Locke, Adam Smith, Lewis Carroll, Oscar Wilde, J.R.Tolkien, Indira Gandhi, Baroness Margaret Thatcher, Bill Clinton, Rowan Atkinson (Mr. Bean), and Hugh Grant. All in all, Oxford has produced 4 British and at least 8 foreign kings, 47 Nobel prize-winners, 25 British Prime Ministers, 28 foreign presidents and prime ministers, 7 saints, 86 archbishops, 18 cardinals, and one pope.
Oxford’s teaching and research is consistently in the top rank nationally and internationally, and is at the forefront of medical, scientific and technological achievement. Amongst the University’s old members are many widely influential scientists. Contemporary scientists include Stephen Hawking, Richard Dawkins and Nobel prize-winner Anthony James Leggett, and Tim Berners Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web.
University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world (after Oxford). The start of the University is generally taken as 1209. Cambridge is situated about 80 km north of London.
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The university was basically established to study for religious purposes. The earliest teaching sessions of the University were carried out in churches or private houses. This was obviously unsatisfactory, and so the University authorities began to establish buildings for its own use. During the 14th and 15th Centuries, the University gradually gained its independence from the church, with the Chancellor taking on both religious and civil duties.
Cambridge University is composed of more than 30 colleges, one of the most illustrious of which is Emmanuel College. Many of the University buildings are of historical or architectural interest, and the University’s museums contain many rare, valuable, and beautiful items. King’s College Chapel is one of Britain’s most magnificent buildings. The gardens and grounds of the colleges along the River Cam are known as the “Backs”, and together they form a unique combination of large-scale architecture, natural and formal gardens, and river scenery with student boaters.
The University at present has more than 16,500 full-time students. About 17% of the student body is from overseas, coming from over 100 different countries. Because of its high academic reputation, admission to the University is highly competitive, and most overseas students already have a good degree from a university in their own country.
Cambridge University Press, one of the world’s oldest and largest publishers, allows the University to make a direct educational and academic contribution to the lives of millions of people around the world.
Cambridge University has produced 80 Nobel-prize winners, 13 British Prime Ministers, and 8 Archbishops of Canterbury, among others. The list of alumni is endless. Among the most famous are Desiderius Erasmus, Francis Bacon, Lord Byron, Charles Darwin, Vladimir Nabokov, and Rajiv Gandhi. The great Russian scientist Pavlov came to Cambridge to receive the degree of the Honorary Doctor of Cambridge. University of Cambridge is known as a great centre of science, where many famous scientists have worked.
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