THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
Плани практичних занять з курсу
«Іноземна мова»
І курс
Спеціальність психологія
2016-2017
Воробйова А.
Додаткова література:
Електронні ресурси
ІІ Семестр
ІІІ. Змістовий модуль „Велика Британія. Сполучені Штати Америки”
Тема: Велика Британія. Географічне положення та політична система країни.
Вивчити нову лексику. Підготуватись до диктанту . Скласти та записати речення с кожним словом
Vocabulary
a title –найменування, звання an island – острів
Ireland – Ірландія to hear – чути, почути, довідатися, впізнати
to refer – відносити, приписувати wet - вологий
to make up – утворити, гримувати several - окремий, кілька, декілька
far – далекий, набагато to divide – ділити, розколювати
to separate - розділяти, розколювати wide – широкий, просторий
a point – точка, пункт, крапка, пік coast – берег, узбережжя, ковзання
lowland – долина, низина highland – гірський, плоскогір’я
mountainous – гористий, скелястий a terrain – місцевість, територія, рельєф
a line – контур, лінія, рядок, межа to draw – малювати, описувати, креслити
an estuary – гирло річки, лиман adjacent – суміжний, стичний, сусідній
distinct – ясний, виразний, окремий rugged – міцний, важкий, суворий, лютий
to ensure – гарантувати, страхувати sparsely – рідко, слабо, негусто
|
|
|
hilly - гористий, скелястий to boast – розривати, розвіювати, розривати
inland – внутрішній prevailing – пануючий, переважний, головний
wind – вітер to tend – плинути, керувати, прямувати
a spell – порція, частина mild – слабкий, помірний
Читання та обговорення тексту . Скласти план. Підготувати переказ за планом
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The UK is situated on two large islands called the British Isles. The larger island is Great Britain, the smaller is Ireland. The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. The country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Irish Sea. The population is 57 million people.
If you travel to Great Britain from Ukraine, it will take you two days to pass through several countries on the continent by train, and six more hours to cross the English Channel by boat. If you fly to Great Britain, it will take you only three and a half hours.
There are also mountain chains in Scotland, Wales and North-West England, but they are not very high. North-West England is also famous for its beautiful lakes. The longest river in England is the Severn and the deepest is the Thames. London stands on the river Thames. London is the capital of England.
The sea enters deeply into the land. It has a great influence on the climate. The climate is damp, but mild. The winter is not very cold and the summer is not very hot. The winds are very warm: refreshing breezes come from the sea. There is much rain during the year. In fact, no region in the country is dry for three weeks. England is also famous for its fogs. Englishmen call them "pea soups". However, in fact, there is no fog in England now. Antipollution helped.
|
|
|
Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The formal head of the state is Queen Elizabeth II. But the prime minister is the real head of the state. He is the head of the government. Ministers govern Great Britain. Queen doesn’t have any power at all. She is only a symbol of Great Britain.
Parliament makes laws. It consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. People elect the members of the House of Commons (MPs). The members of the House of Lords inherit their titles. MPs receive a salary, and the members of the House of Lords do not receive a salary. The UK doesn't have any written constitution.
Great Britain has a very powerful economy. It is a manufacturing and trading nation. It exports cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles. But it doesn't produce enough food. The UK imports food. Englishmen raise sheep for meat and wool. They grow potatoes, sugar beets and wheat. Apple and cherry orchards in spring are very beautiful. Natural resources of the UK are gas, coal and oil.
3. Виконання після текстових вправ.
Ex 1.Compose the sentences with the following word combinations.
1. Great Britain is an _____ . 2. It's divided into three ____: England, Scotland and ____. 3. The _____Thames runs right through the city. 4. In summer many British _____spend their holidays by the ______. 5. England has some nice holiday resorts with lovely sandy ______ 6. If you want to see Nessie, then you must go to the famous British ______Loch Ness. 7. It is in Scotland and so is Great Britain's highest ______Ben Nevis. 8. If you climb Ben Nevis and the weather is fine, you will have a wonderful view over the ______below.
Ex 2. Learn these facts by heart:
Government: Forms of government: Constitutional Monarchy. In practice a parliamentary democracy.
Head of the state: Monarch (queen or king) Head of government: Prime Minister
Legislature: Parliament of two houses: 651 – member House of Commons; the House of Lords – about 1, 170 members.
Executive: Prime Minister (chosen by the House of Commons) and Cabinet
|
|
|
Political subdivisions: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland – four “countries” united under one government. Each country has units of local government.
Economy. Chief Products: Agriculture – wool, beef, cattle, milk, chicken and eggs, pigs, wheat, potatoes, barley, sugar beet. Manufacturing – foods and beverages, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, electrical and electronic goods, machinery, motor vehicles, textiles and clothing, rubber and plastics goods, iron and steel, meal manufactures, ceramics.
Money: Basic unit – pound, also called pound sterling.
4. Робота з граматичним матеріалом. Займенники.
Ex. l.Replace the Ukrainian possessive pronoun by its English equivalent.
1. Keep (твої) books on the shelves. 2. (Твої) hands are very dirty. 3. (Його) poems are very good. 4. These are (її) photos. 5. Where are (твої) friends now? 6. (Мої) students are at the lecture. 7. Are these (твої) newspapers?
Ex. 2.Insert the missing possessive pronouns. Try to use all persons.
1. Is it … girl-friend over there? Oh, no, she isn’t my friend, she is …friend. 2. Don't take this book. It is not my book, it is …book. 3. Tell… not to forget … ticket; and ask Helen not to forget … 4. Take English magazines and give me…
Ex. 3.Open the brackets using objective pronouns.
These are very good exercises. Do (they) at home, please. 2. This engineer works with (I). I know (he) well. 3. Write these words in your exercise-books and learn (they). 4. Read this letter and translate (it) into English, please. 5. I know this girl. She works with (we).
Ex. 4. Insert possessive pronouns.
1. Take this book and read … at home, please. 2. Is he going to speak to … about his new work? 3. These are very good exercise-books. Where do you get …? 4. My sister knows English well. I often do my homework with … 5. Read these words and learn … well. 6. I don’t know … . What’s his name?
Ex 5.Replace the underlined words by personal pronouns.
1. John, give the book to Henry. 2. Tell the studentsthe answer. 3. My sister and I have got room of our own. 4. Alec and Mary are engineers by profession. 5. Jane, buy a magazine for Granny. 6. Kate, read this story to Mary and me, please. 7. Tom has got no nephews or nieces. 8. His wife is not in London now. 9. Pete, bring flowers for your mother. 10. Send the letter to your parents.
|
|
|
Ex. 6.Read the text, translate it into Ukrainian and retell.
THE REST OF TEENAGERS
Hello! I live in Beverly Hills. My name is Brandon. Now I am going to the club for teenagers. Oh, I am already here. Many teenagers are here too. I am writing an article for the college newspaper. Now I am asking the teenagers about their life. The first person is Linda. I am asking her about her hobbies. Her hobbies are meeting friends and music. Her favourite sport is basketball. She is a tall girl. It is good for basketball. She is 1.80 metre. I am asking John. He is 18 years old. His hobby is girls. They like him too. His favourite sport is football. He is a college champion. He is also fond of basketball, baseball, swimming and dancing. What a wonderful person he is! There are so many teenagers! But their hobbies are for the next newspaper. I am so tired!
5. Робота з текстом за професійним спрямуванням: Memory
The two main types of memory are short-term memory and long-term memory; however, short-term memory has become better understood to be working memory. It is more clearly defined as the ability to remember information in the face of distraction.
Long-term memory. Modern conceptions of memory are usually about long-term memory and break it down into three main sub-classes.
Procedural memory is memory for the performance of particular types of action. It is often activated on a subconscious level, or at most requires a minimal amount of conscious effort. Procedural memory includes stimulus-response-type information, which is activated through association with particular tasks, routines, etc. A person is using procedural knowledge when they seemingly "automatically" respond in a particular manner to a particular situation or process. An example is driving a car.
Semantic memory is the encyclopedic knowledge that a person possesses. Knowledge like what the Eiffel Tower looks like, or the name of a friend from sixth grade, represents semantic memory. Access of semantic memory ranges from slightly to extremely effortful, depending on a number of variables including but not limited to recency of encoding of the information, number of associations it has to other information, frequency of access, and levels of meaning (how deeply it was processed when it was encoded).
Episodic memory is the memory of autobiographical events that can be explicitly stated. It contains all memories that are temporal in nature, such as when one last brushed one's teeth or where one was when one heard about a major news event. Episodic memory typically requires the deepest level of conscious thought, as it often pulls together semantic memory and temporal information to formulate the entire memory.
Ex 1 Answer the questions
1.What are the 2 types of memory? 2. What are long-term memory subclasses? 3.How isprocedural memory usually activated? 4. What does procedural memory include?
Ex 2.Find more information about Memory and try to take a floor with a report
Література:
1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповненею – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.
2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.
3. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. Інозем. Філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.
4. Бессонова І. В. Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням). Навчальний посібник для дистанційного навчання. – К.: Університет «Україна», 2005. – 263с.
Практичне заняття № 2
Тема: Освіта у Великій Британії і США.
1. Читання та обговорення текстів. Виконання після текстових вправ . Підготовка розповіді про освіту в Великій Британії та США.
THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
The four lands that make up the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland
and Wales) have different histories and distinctive culture. The UK educational systems
are similar in general structure, but cultural differences have influenced their organization, as well as attitudes, standards, and values.
Education is divided into three stages - primary education, secondary education, and further and higher education. Full-time education is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16. A very high proportion of young people continue in full-time education, or part-time education and training, until the age of 18. Education during the primary and secondary stages is general rather than vocational.
Primary education takes place in infant schools (pupils aged from 5 to 7 years) and junior schools (from 8 to 11 years). Secondary schools are usually much larger than primary schools and most children - over 80 per cent - go to a comprehensive school at the age of 11. These schools are not selective - you do not have to pass an exam to go there.
At the age of 14 or 15, in the third or fourth form of secondary school, pupils begin to choose their exam subjects. At sixteen students take the General Certificate of Secondary Education. It replaced two previous examinations: the Certificate of Secondary Education, which indicated satisfactory completion of secondary education, and the General Certificate of Education, which was for higher academic achievers.
Further Education
Many people decide to leave school at the age of sixteen and go to a Further Education College. Here most of the courses are linked to some kind of practical vocational training, for example in engineering, typing, cooking or hairdressing. Full-time courses are provided in universities, polytechnics, Scottish central institutions, colleges of higher and further education, and technical, art and agricultural colleges.
Today there are over fifty universities in Britain, compared with only seventeen in 1945. They fall into four broad categories: the ancient English foundations, the ancient Scottish ones, the 'redbrick' universities, and the 'plate-glass' ones. They are all private institutions, receiving direct grants from central government.
Oxford and Cambridge, founded in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries respectively, are easily the most famous of Britain's universities. Today 'Oxbridge', as the two together are known, educate less than one tenth of Britain's total university student population. Nevertheless, they continue to attract many of the best brains.
There is also a highly successful Open University, which provides every person in Britain with the opportunity to study for a degree, without leaving his or her home. It is particularly designed for adults who regret missed opportunities earlier. It conducts learning through correspondence and through local study centers.
Ex I. Remember synonyms to these words:
1) to teach - to instruct - to coach - to train - to educate;
2) teacher - instructor - tutor - coach - trainer;
3) to enjoy - to take pleasure in - to take delight in - to derive pleasure from;
4) to make up - to collect - to get together - to constitute - to form - to compose;
5) to create - to originate - to bring into being - to call into existence - to make.
Ex II. Match the word with the corresponding definition:
1) compulsory a) training that teaches you the skills you need to do a
particular job;
2) vocational b) a system of education in which pupils of different abilities
go to the same school or are taught in the same class;
3) comprehensive c) something that is compulsory must be done because it is the
law or because someone in authority orders you to;
4) curriculum d) an official organization or a local government department
which controls public affairs, provides public services;
5) background e) an official plan that is intended to help people in some way;
6) scheme f) the events in the past that explain why something has
happened in the way that it has;
7) to site g) to persuade someone to do something;
8) to convince h) to make a judgment about a person or situation after
thinking carefully about it;
9) to assess i) be placed or built in a particular place;
10) authority j) the subjects that are taught by a school, college etc. or the
things that are studied in a particular subject.
Ex III. Find in the text the English for:
початкова освіта; широкий вибір предметів; обов'язкова освіта; підвищувати освітній рівень; підтримувати стару систему граматичних шкіл; реагувати на потреби та інтереси своїх учнів; вища освіта; підготовка до тестів; забезпечувати школу грошима, книжками і т. п.; оцінювати класну та домашню роботу учнів; професійне навчання; обдаровані діти; най здібніші діти; трирічний курс навчання; проводити навчання поштою (через листування).
THE US EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Americans believe that all citizens should be given the opportunity to study and learn in order to develop their talents and abilities. The aim of education is also to teach young citizens how to contribute to society through good citizenship.
Most Americans spend many years earning an education. There are several levels in the US system of education. Schools range from nursery schools for young children to universities for adult higher education. Many children attend nursery school, or preschool. Nursery school usually 
accepts children three and four years old. Many public school systems start with kindergarten classes for five- and six-year-old children. Many children enter the first grade of elementary school at the age of six. In elementary school students learn the building blocks of education - reading, writing, and arithmetic. The curriculum also includes subjects such as history, science, health, art, music and physical education. Children attend elementary school for five to nine years, depending on how the school system is arranged.
Grades 7, 8, 9 usually make up junior high school. Many school systems have replaced junior high schools with middle or intermediate schools. Middle schools usually include grades 5 or 6 through 8. Some middle schools include only grades 7 and 8.
Students who have completed the first eight or nine grades enter high school. There are generally three kinds of high schools. Academic high schools prepare students for college. Technical and vocational high schools enable students to learn a trade or occupation. Comprehensive high schools offer college preparatory work as well as technical or vocational courses.
The US higher education
The need for higher education in the United States has grown with advances in knowledge and technology. Many jobs now require college and university training. Therefore, high school students are encouraged to earn as much education as they can.
2. Робота з граматичним матеріалом Теперішній неозначений час.The Present Indefinite Tense.
Ex.1.Make these sentences interrogative and negative.
1. I often meet my friend here. 2. You go to the factory every day. 3. I read newspapers every morning. 4. His sisters always give me books. 5. He reads newspapers at home. 6. She goes to the disco every Sunday. 7. It helps. 8. They often come here. 9. We write questions at home. 10. He often sends me English books.
Ex. 2.Read quickly inserting DO or DOES.
1. … you like English? 2. …your friend like it? 3. … he often come here? 4. … your friend drink coffee in the morning? 5. … you smoke during the breaks? 6. … you like picture in my dining-room? 7. …they come in time? 8. … you know him? 9. … he live in a house or in a flat? 10. … she like tennis?
Ex. 3.Translate into English using the verbs in Present Simple.
1. Коли ви встаєте? — Я встаю о сьомій. 2. Коли встає твій брат? — Він встає о пів на восьму. — А твоя сестра теж встає о пів на восьму? — Ні. Мій брат ходить до школи, а моя сестра не ходить до школи. Вона ще не учениця. Вона встає о дев’ятій. 3. Мій брат працює в лікарні. Він лікар. Він встає о шостій. Він працює вранці та вдень. Увечері він не працює. Увечері він відпочіває (rest). 4. Твоя сестра розмовляє французською? — Ні. Вона розмовляє німецькою, а її чоловік розмовляє англійською.
3. Робота з текстом за профілем спрямування:
Task 1: read the text; translate, be ready to answer the questions and retell the text
Task 2. The text below is concerned with the application of psychological theory in children's education in the USA.
Read the text and identify the topic:
a) the role of innate intelligence;
b) the nature of intelligence;
c) the impact of the theory of intelligence testing on American education.
In the United States, many different views of child development flourished none approaching the rigor (сила) and clarity (ясність) that an adequate theory had to achieve. These theories appeared to be not so much contradictory (суперечний) as unrelated to each other. Several schools of thought have been influential in America in shaping the education and child-rearing practices. Perhaps the theory of intelligence testing has had the greatest impact (вплив) on American education. This theory is based on the unproven assumption that children are born with innate abilities that are, for the most part, independent of social experience. Another assumption (твердження) is that innate differences of intelligence (интеллект) can be measured by a test. Later, such tests «discovered» differences in intelligence between races and socio-economic classes.
However, with all the «scientific» test construction and sophisticated (складний) statistical analysis of results there has never been agreement on the nature of «intelligence» itself.
The theoretical question of the nature of intelligence was deemed unimportant. What was important in the period of development of monopoly capitalism was the role of IQ* as an explanation of classes, of the existence of wealth and poverty. To socialize children into accepting the Tightness of the existing social structure, they were «educated» to believe that innate intelligence was the basis for economic and social organization. Wealth could then be justified (виправдання) by intelligence. Only by
accepting their inferiority (неповноцінність) as the basis for their class position would children grow up to accept the status «quo» in a «harmonious» society.
Intelligence testing has been disastrous (пагубный) for many children, particularly from the lower socio-economic classes and minorities. Perhaps the most pernicious (шкідливий) practice in schools is ranking students into a hierarchy of «intelligence». Even where the group intelligence test has been discontinued because of community protest, standardized achievement tests have often taken their place to track students into slow, average (середній) and fast learners. The prevailing notion that the child is responsible (відповідальний) for his learning stems directly from IQ theory, which places ceiling on children's assumed abilities early in life. Many children, taught to doubt (сумніватися) their own potential, drop out and give up. The high dropout rate, the functional illiteracy, the feelings of frustration and inadequacy are the visible aspects of the serious psychological damage done to children's development. The failure of American schools to develop a degree of literacy equal to other industrial nations is shocking. American true literacy rate has dropped down to the level of Burma, Albania and the Fiji Islands according to 1980 UNESCO figures.
1) Make the right choice: The theory of intelligence testing has had the greatest impact
a) on American education;
b) on education all over the world;
c) on education in Ukraine.
The theory of intelligence testing is based on the assumption that
a) children's innate abilities are independent of social experience;
b) there are no innate differences of intelligence between races and socio-economic classes;
c) abilities are not innate.
The role of IQ was important to accept that
a) society is responsible for the child's own learning;
b) wealth and poverty can be justified by intelligence;
c) innate intelligence wasn't the basis for economic and social organisation.
2) Rank the following statements to make up a summary of the text.
a) The theory of intelligence testing is based on the un-proven assumption that children are born with innate abilities that can be measured by a test;
b) The theory of intelligence testing has had the greatest impact on American education;
c) The notion that the child is responsible for his own learning stems from IQ theory;
d) Intelligence testing has been disastrous for many children, particularly from lower socio-economic classes and minorities;
e) The role of IQ as an explanation of classes, of the existence of wealth and poverty was important in the period of development of monopoly capitalism.
3) Here are two more summaries. Choose the best one and give your reasoning. The summary above is one of the possible summaries.
a) The theory of intelligence testing is based on the
un-proven assumption that children are born with innate
abilities that can be measured by a test.
The role of IQ as an explanation of classes, of the existence of wealth and poverty was important in the period of development of monopoly capitalism in America. As a result the children were «educated» to believe that innate intelligence was the basis for economic and social organization.
This intelligence testing has been disastrous for many children, particularly from the lower socio-economic classes.
b) The theory of intelligence testing is based on the
un-proven assumption that children are born with innate
abilities.
They are independent of social experience and can be measured by a test.
“AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION”.
The object of the American Psychological Association shall be to advance psychology as a science and profession and as a means of promoting health and human welfare by:
• the encouragement of psychology in all its branches in
the broadest and most liberal manner;
• the promotion of research in psychology and the
improvement of research methods and conditions;
• the improvement of the qualifications and usefulness of
psychologists through high standards of ethics, conduct,
education, and achievement;
• the establishment and maintenance of the highest standards of professional ethics and conduct of the members of the association;
• the increase and diffusion of psychological knowledge through meetings, professional contacts, reports, papers, discussions, and publications ;
Дата добавления: 2018-10-25; просмотров: 143; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!