Конструкции и комплексы с инфинитивом
Особенности употребления инфинитива в английском языке нередко затрудняют определение его функций и, следовательно, правильную его передачу при переводе.
а) Инфинитивный комплекс с предлогом "for" (т. н. оборот "for - ph ra se")
Действие, выраженное инфинитивом, может относиться к лицу или предмету, который не обозначается ни подлежащим, ни дополнением предложения. В этом случае лицо или предмет, к которому относится действие, выраженное инфинитивом, обозначается существительным в общем падеже или местоимением в объектном падеже с предшествующим предлогом "for". Оборот, состоящий из for + существительное/местоимение + инфинитив выполняет функцию одного члена предложения, а именно: сложного подлежащего (обычно с вводящим it), сложного дополнения, сложного определения, сложного обстоятельства. Инфинитив может при этом употребляться как в действительном так и в страдательном залоге.
Такие обороты очень распространены как в художественной речи, так и в газетно-публицистическом стиле. Они переводятся на русский язык при помощи инфинитива или придаточного предложения.
e.g. It is easy for you to say that. – Вам легко это говорить.
It is necessary for the goods to be packed in strong cases. – Необходимо, чтобы товары были упакованы в крепкие ящики.
The 1st thing for me to do is to find out when the steamer arrives. – Первое, что я должен сделать, это выяснить, когда прибывает пароход.
The water was too cold for the children to bathe. – Вода была слишком холодна, чтобы дети могли купаться.
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Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения:
1). For you to go there just now would be to walk into a trap with your eyes open. (Voynich)
2). It’s all very well for you to laugh, but I tell you I was so startled. (Wells)
3). The only thing to do is for you to whip him ,Edward.( Mansfield)
4). I would like for you to know her. (O.Henry)
5). There was need for him to be economical. (London)
6). The boy stood aside for me to go by. (Galsworthy)
7). Her tight-fitting dress didn’t make it easy for her to bend down. (Lindsay)
8). His words had expressed a truth too deep for him to admit. (Galsworthy)
9). But I hate for you to be giving lessons. (O.Henry)
10). “John”, she said, “I don’t like for Lizzie to play in the street”. (O.Henry)
11). I have written down my father’s memoirs from tapes which describe his life, but for this to be enough for a book, I need to visit the Moscow streets where he spent his childhood, follow his path during the Revolution, and see where he lived in Paris and New York. (The Daily Mail)
12). Investors will be interested in convertible bonds if they expect a company’s share price to rise sufficiently for them to make a profit by converting the bond into shares. (The Financial Times)
13). Apart from the sheer beauty and excitement of EuroDisney, nothing was too trivial for Bob Fitzpatrick to deal with in his quest for perfection.(The Guardian)
14). The police have appealed for witnesses to help them with their inquiries. (The Guardian)
15). It was clear that for the US to survive there would have to be changes in the Articles of Confederation. (The Herald Tribune)
16). The custom is to hang mistletoe from the ceiling, for people to kiss under. (British Airways Highlife)
17). This may not be much for a battery to generate, but it’s a serious effort if you’re human.
(The Guardian)
18). Poor Fred! I dare say it was a comfort for him to write it, even though he couldn’t have known how to send it, poor fellow! (Gaskell)
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19). At the time, it was very easy for criminals to give the police false names in order to avoid heavier sentences. (The Sunday Times)
20). Last year travel companies had to turn down up to 50% of requests from foreigners since they had nowhere for them to live. (The Moscow Times)
21). In the past, the captain usually had to anchor his ship at such times and wait for conditions to improve. (The National Geographic)
22). Elsewhere in the 18th century it was normal for opera to be directed from the harpsichord, which was in any case necessary for playing the recitative, and for symphonies to be directed by the principal first violin, still known in Britain as “leader” of the orchestra. (Collins Encyclopaedia of Music)
23).There are at least some indications that France might be willing for the EU to enter into a special relationship with Britain.(The Guardian)
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