Match the following words and word groups to the Russian ones.

- The steering system enables the driver to turn the front wheels left or right to control the direction of vehicle travel.

- The brake system supplies the power to move the vehicle.

- Most automotive vehicles are powered by a spark-ignition four-stroke-cycle internal combustion engine.

- Most automotive engines have electronic fuel injection instead of a carburettor.

- Spark-ignition allows optimizing power and fuel economy while minimizing exhaust emissions.

Make up a detailed plan of the text.

Retell the text according to your plan.

Transmission, wheels, electrical system

New words and phrases to learn :

gear ratio –     коэффициент передачи

manual transmission –     коробка передач с ручным управлением

automatic transmission – автоматическая коробка передач;

to shift – перемещать, переключать

to disengage – разрядить; разряжать

automatic clutch disengagement – автоматическое сцепление

transmitting torque – передаваемый крутящий момент

tyre wear – износ шин

loss of control – потеря управления

resiliency – упругость

clutch disengagement - выключение муфты

drive axle -      ведущий мост автомобиля

solid-state electronic device - твердотельное электронное устройство

voltage regulator - регулятор напряжения генератора

alternator -      генератор

electronic ignition - электронная система зажигания

fuel injection – впрыск топлива

air bag - воздушная подушка безопасности

traction control - противобуксовочная система

remote keyless entry - удаленный безключевой доступ в автомобиль

1.  Read and translate the text:

The transmission is the device in the power train that provides different forward gear ratios between the engine and drive wheels, as well as neutral and reverse. The two general classifications of transmission are manual transmission, which the driver shifts by hand, and automatic transmission, which shifts automatically. To shift a manual transmission, the clutch must first be disengaged. However, some vehicles have automatic clutch disengagement for manual transmissions, while other vehicles have a limited manual-shift capability for automatic transmissions.

In drive axles, the differential is the gear assembly between axle shafts that permits one wheel to rotate at a speed different from that of the other (if necessary), while transmitting torque from the final-drive ring gear to the axle shafts. When the vehicle is cornering or making a turn, the differential allows the outside wheel to travel a greater distance than the inside wheel; otherwise, one wheel would skid, causing tire wear and partial loss of control.

A wheel is a disc or a series of spokes with a hub at the center and a rim around the outside for mounting of the tire. The wheels of a vehicle must have sufficient strength and resiliency to carry the weight of the vehicle, transfer driving and braking torque to the tires, and withstand side thrusts over a wide range of speed and road conditions. Wheel size is primarily determined by the load-bearing strength of the tire.

The use of solid-state electronic devices in the automobile began during the 1960s, when the electromechanical voltage regulator of the alternator, was replaced by a transistorized voltage regulator. This was followed in the 1970s by electronic ignition, fuel injection, and cruise control. Since then, electronic devices and systems on the automobile have proliferated. These include engine and power train control, air bags, antilock braking, traction control, suspension and ride control, remote keyless entry, memory seats, driver information and navigation systems, cellular telephone and mobile communications systems, and onboard diagnostics.

2. Answer the questions:

- What is transmission? What types of transmission system can you mention?

- What is the difference between manual transmission and automatic one?

- What are the advantages of electronic system?

3. Give the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:

Потеря управления

автоматическая коробка передач

коробка передач с ручным управлением

автоматическое сцепление

коробка передач

сцепление

выключение муфты

ведущий мост автомобиля

твердотельное электронное устройство

регулятор напряжения генератора

генератор

электронная система зажигания

впрыскивание топлива

воздушная подушка безопасности

противобуксовочная система

удаленный безключевой доступ в автомобиль.

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